Table 1.

Summary of different polymer-based composites used in various biomedical applications.

Application		Composite Material	Reference
Tissue engineering	Bone	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA)/calcium phosphate	Khan et al. [51]
		Bioglass fibers (BGF) (13–93)/PLA	Mehboob et al. [55]
		PLA/Mg rods	Butt et al. [57]
		Polypropylene carbonate (PPC)/poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP)	Chang et al. [62]
		PLA/ethyl cellulose (EC)/hydroxyapatite (HA)	Mao et al. [60]
		Alginate (AL)/HA/silk fibroin (SF)	Jo et al. [61]
	Blood vessels	PVA/bacterial nanocellulose	Tang et al. [74]
		Chitosan (CS)/gelatin	Badhe et al. [77]
		PLA/CS	Liu et al. [79]
		PCL/gelatin	Jiang et al. [86]
	Skin	Glycoaminoglycoside/collagen	Chua et al. [90]
		Modified HA/chondroitin sulfate	Bhowmick et al. [91]
		AL/ibuprofen	Thu et al. [93]
	Oral tissues	Polyglycolic acid (PGA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/porcine tooth buds	Duailibi et al. [99]
		HA/PLA	Schek et al. [100]
Wound dressing		Kaolin/polyurethane	Lundin et al. [129]
		CS/TiO2	Behera et al. [135]
		Banana peel powder/CS	Kamel et al. [140]
		Nanocellulose/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/CS	Poonguzhali et al. [144]
		Nanoclay lithium magnesium silicate hydrate (LMSH) cross-linked semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) silk sericin/poly((N-isopropylacrylamide)(NIPAm)/LMSH)	Yang et al. [146]
		Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm)/poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL)/antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIF)	Li et al. [151]
		PCL/CS and PCL/CS–caffeic acid (CCA)	Oh et al. [157]
		PCL/bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles and PCL/silver–cobalt-doped BG nanoparticles (DB-NPs)	Moura et al. [166]
		SF/graphene oxide (GO)	Wang et al. [167]