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. 2018 Oct 23;7(21):e009624. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009624

Table 2.

Rate of CHDs in the Offspring of Diabetic and Control Mothers With and Without Sapropterin (Tetrahydrobiopterin) Treatment

Control Streptozotocin Tetrahydrobiopterin Streptozotocin+Tetrahydrobiopterin Streptozotocin+Insulin
N Dams N Dams N Dams N Dams N Dams
14 3 38 9 23 4 34 5 20 3
n % n % n % n % n %
Normal 14 100 16 40.6** 23 100 25 73.5 20 100
Abnormal 0 0 22 59.4** 0 0 9 26.5 0 0
ASD 0 0 18 47.4** 0 0 9 26.5 0 0
VSD 0 0 14 37.8* 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Truncus arteriosus 0 0 1 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
AVSD 0 0 2 5.4 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
DORV 0 0 1 2.7 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Pulmonary valve stenosis 0 0 14 37.8* 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Aortic valve stenosis 0 0 11 29.7* 0 0 1 2.9 0 0
RV hypertrophy 0 0 9 24.3 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Hypoplastic left heart 0 0 8 21.1 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Narrowing of the aorta 0 0 9 24.3 0 0 0 0.0 0 0

Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. ASD indicates atrial septal defect; AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; CHD, congenital heart defect; Dams, litter numbers; DORV, double‐outlet right ventricle; N, total number of fetuses; RV, right ventricular; VSD, ventricular septal defect.

*P<0.05, **P<0.001 vs control, P<0.001 vs streptozotocin.