Table 1.
Overview of articles includes
| Article | Population | Selection criteria | Groups matched for | Gait Test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | n (%men) | Age [years] | BMI [kg/cm2] | Distance Start |
Speed | |||
| Abe 2016 [24] | HD (103.2 ± 103.2) | 122 (52.5) | 68.0 ± 9.0 | 21.0 ± 3.7 | > 3 months HD | NA | 10 m FS* |
Max |
| Blake 2004 [46] | CG HD + PD ([4–25]) |
12 (58.3) 7 + 5 (58.3) |
42.0 ± 9.7 42.0 ± 8.5 |
24.8 ± 2.5 25.8 ± 3.7 |
High functioning > 3 months HD |
Age, Sex | 10 m SND |
Norm Max |
| Bohannon 1994 [25] | CG HD + PD ([0–90]) + CKD |
26 (ND) 7 + 17 + 2 (73.1) |
44.5 ± 10.3 44.0 ± 9.8 |
171.0 ± 8.5 cm / 78.8 ± 15.0 kg 171.6 ± 9.5 cm / 80.7 ± 17.0 kg |
Transplant candidate | Age, sex, size | 20 ft. FS* |
Norm |
| Bohannon 1995 [26] | HD (16.3) + PD (12.3) + CKD | 53 + 38 + 20 (69.1) | 45.1 ± 11.6 | 171.9 ± 9.5 cm / 77.6 ± 18.0 kg |
Transplant candidate | NA | 20 ft. FS |
Norm |
| Bohannon 1997 [51] | CKD | 21 (57.1) | 42 [21–58] | ND | Transplant candidate | NA | 20 ft. FS* |
Norm Max |
| Broers 2015 [27] | HD + PD (ND) | 35 + 12 (63.8) | 64.8 ± 16.5 | M (28.1 ± 4.2) W (25.2 ± 5.6) |
> 1 months HD/PD | NA | 4 m SS |
Norm |
| Broers 2017 [28] | CG CKD 5 HD / PD (43.2 ± 38.4) HD / PD (6.0 ± 0.0) |
20 (65.0) 44 (75.0) 21 + 8 (69.0) 44 (75.0) |
59.7 ± 14.1 61.3 ± 12.0 58.2 ± 14.7 ND |
24.9 ± 3.4 26.0 ± 4.1 28.1 ± 4.4 25.9 [22.8–28.4] |
> 12 months 6 months HD/PD |
ND | 4 m SS |
Norm |
| Cappy 1999 [52] | HD (58.8 ± 67.2) | 16 (62.5) | 53.9 ± 15.0 | ND | None | NA | 28 ft. SND |
Norm Max |
| Chang 2017 [47] | HD (68.7 ± 49.5) HD (49.8 ± 41.7) |
21 (61.9) 25 (68.0) |
54.2 ± 15.2 54.6 ± 12.7 |
ND ND |
None | NA | 6 m SS |
Norm |
| Gordon 2012 [29] | CKD 3–4 | 13 + 13 (92.3) | 61.0 ± 13.0 | 29.9 ± 6.5 | None | NA | 20 ft. FS |
Norm Max |
| Headley 2002 [53] | HD (41.6 ± 19.0) Measured twice in 6 weeks |
10 (70.0) | 42.8 ± 4.4 | 30.3 ± 5.2 | None | NA | 20 ft. FS |
Norm Max |
| Hiraki 2013 [30] | CKD 2 CKD 3 CKD 4 CKD 5 |
17 (76.5) 55 (76.4) 25 (68.0) 23 (56.5) |
62.4 ± 11.3 66.2 ± 9.9 69.0 ± 9.4 67.6 ± 11.6 |
24.3 ± 3.2 23.8 ± 3.1 23.1 ± 4.1 22.6 ± 3.0 |
None | ND | 10 m FS* |
Max |
| Jeong 2015 [31] | HD with LVDD HD without LVDD Tot (42.9 ± 37.9) |
17 (42.5) 31 (73.8) 48 (58.5) |
53.7 ± 12.4 55.2 ± 11.8 54.5 ± 12.0 |
33.5 ± 7.6 29.5 ± 6.3 31.5 ± 7.2 |
> 3 months HD | ND | 10 m SS |
Norm |
| Jin 2017 [18] | HD diabetic (54.3 ± 49.6) HD no diabetic (81.6 ± 79.1) |
35 (68.6) 25 (40.0) |
63.9 ± 9.6 56.4 ± 14.7 |
23.6 ± 3.6 23.2 ± 4.4 |
None | ND | 6 m SS |
Norm |
| Johansen 2001 [33] | CG HD (39.0 ± 39.0) |
80 (ND) 39 (66.7) |
ND 52.0 ± 16.0 |
ND 25.5 ± 4.8 |
None | ND | 50 ft. SND |
Norm |
| Johansen 2001 [32] | HD (16.0 ± 16.0) | 46 (67.4) | 52.0 ± 17.0 | 25.5 ± 4.6 | None | NA | 50 ft. SND |
Norm |
| Johansen 2003 [34] | CG HD (34.8 ± 25.2) |
19 (63.2) 38 (52.6) |
55.0 ± 15.0 55 ± 13.0 |
24.1 ± 3.6 25.0 ± 4.9 |
> 3 months HD | ND | 20 ft. SND |
Norm |
| Kittiskulnam 2017 [35, 36] | HD (33.6 [15.6–64.8]) | 645 (58.6) | 56.7 ± 14.5 | 28.1 ± 6.9 | > 3 months HD | NA | 15 ft. SND |
Norm |
| Kutsuna 2010 [37] | HD (93.6 ± 80.4) | 153 (42.5) | 64.0 ± 11.0 | 21.4 ± 3.3 | None | NA | 10 m FS* |
Norm Max |
| Otobe 2017 [38] | CKD 3a-5 without MCI CKD 3a-5 with MCI |
45 (73.3) 75 (78.7) |
75.0 ± 5.8 78.7 ± 6.9 |
23.8 ± 3.5 23.1 ± 4.0 |
> 65 years old | ND | 4 m SND |
Norm |
| Padilla 2008 [39] | CKD 1–5 | 1 + 3 + 13 + 13 + 2 (84.4) | 57.1 ± 14.8 | 28.1 ± 5.0 | None | NA | 20 ft. SS |
Norm Max |
| Painter 2000 [48] | HD (33.7 ± 35.6) intervention HD (40.2 ± 62.4) no intervention |
ND ND |
55.9 ± 15.9 52.8 ± 16.8 |
ND ND |
None | ND | 20 ft. SS |
Norm Max |
| Roshanravan 2013 [41] | CG CKD 2–4 |
78 (60.0) 385 (83.6) |
65.4 ± 10.9 61.0 ± 13.0 |
27.9 ± 5.6 31.0 ± 6.9 |
None | ND | 4 m SS |
Norm |
| Roshanravan 2015 [40] | CKD 1 CKD 2 CKD 3a CKD 3b-5 |
214 (54.0) 428 (45.0) 138 (31.0) 45 (33.0) |
72.0 ± 5.0 73.0 ± 6.0 77.0 ± 7.0 79.0 ± 8.0 |
27.4 ± 3.8 27.7 ± 4.1 27.0 ± 4.0 27.4 ± 4.8 |
None | ND | 7 m SS |
Norm |
| Rossi 2014 [45] | CKD 3 + 4 CKD 3 + 4 |
35 (74.5) + 12 (25.5) 42 (72.4) + 16 (27.6) |
69.2 ± 12.4 67.7 ± 12.4 |
30.7 ± 8.7 32.2 ± 7.3 |
None | ND | 20 ft. SS |
Norm |
| Shin 2013 [42] | CG HD (51.6 ± 36.5) |
14 (64.3) 14 (71.4) |
48.5 ± 10.1 50.0 ± 11.8 |
29.1 ± 5.8 34.2 ± 8.2 |
None | Age | 7.9 m FS |
Norm |
| Shin 2014 [43] | CG HD diabetic (28.4 ± 21.2) HD no diabetic (70.8 ± 35.6) |
18 (72.2) 10 (72.2) 8 (80.0) |
51.9 ± 11.0 51.2 ± 10.2 55.5 ± 10.9 |
29.0 ± 5.3 33.3 ± 6.6 33.0 ± 9.5 |
None | Age, sex, BMI | 7.9 m FS |
Norm |
| Storer 2005 [49] | CG HD HD |
12 (58.3) 12 (58.3) 12 (66.7) |
44.0 ± 12.0 44.0 ± 9.0 39.0 ± 9.0 |
25.0 ± 2.0 26.0 ± 3.0 25.0 ± 5.0 |
None | Age, sex, race | 20 ft. FS |
Max |
| Tao 2015 [50] | HD (83.5 ± 61.4) HD (84.7 ± 70.6) |
57 (50.9) 56 (53.6) |
53.0 ± 11.6 56.7 ± 9.7 |
ND ND |
> 3 months HD | – | 10 m SS |
Norm Max |
| Wolfgram 2016 [44] | HD (46.8 ± 48) | 28 (71.0) | 64.0 ± 10.5 | 29.3 ± 7.0 | > 50 years | – | 4 m FS |
Norm |
CG control group, CKD 1–5 Stage of CKD 1–5, HD haemodialysis, PD peritoneal dialysis, SS standing start, FS flying start, FS* supposed flying start, SND start not defined, Norm self-selected speed, Max maximal speed, LVDD left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, ND not described, NA not applicable, MCI mild cognitive impairment. For HD and PD months on dialysis are reported. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation