Table 5.

Relative abundances (%) of bacterial phyla that exhibited significant differences among treatment groups (q < 0.10) in the gut microbiota of post-weaning pigs.

		Treatment					q-value
Time	Phylum	C	L	D	M	L+M	<0.05	<0.10
T2	Chlamydiae	0.20 ± 0.24	0.00 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.04	0.02 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.04	L vs. C L+M vs. L, D, M	L vs. M
	Cyanobacteria	0.24 ± 0.16	0.06 ± 0.06	0.09 ± 0.07	0.04 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	C vs. L, M, L+M
	Firmicutes	80.6 ± 2.9	80.5 ± 5.7	83.3 ± 2.6	86.5 ± 1.2	84.8 ± 3.7		M vs. C, L, D
	Proteobacteria	1.27 ± 0.73	0.94 ± 0.29	0.76 ± 0.33	0.48 ± 0.06	0.88 ± 0.55		L vs. M
	Spirochaetes	0.22 ± 0.23	0.03 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.13	0.03 ± 0.05	0.15 ± 0.11		C, L+M vs. L, M
T3	Actinobacteria	0.15 ± 0.22	0.21 ± 0.34	0.75 ± 0.56	0.79 ± 0.82	1.03 ± 0.79		C, L vs. D, M, L+M
	Tenericutes	0.16 ± 0.16	0.50 ± 0.47	0.26 ± 0.30	0.011 ± 0.012	0.018 ± 0.022		L vs. M, L+M

Values are means ± standard deviations. The significance of differences was evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the post hoc Mann–Whitney U-test with the Benjamin–Hochberg false discovery rate correction (q < 0.10). T2, Final day of Phase 1 (day 40 post-weaning); T3, final day of Phase 2 (day 90 post-weaning).

C, Basal diet; L, basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 1 containing live Enterococcus faecium; D, basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 2 containing heat-killed E. faecium; M, basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 3 containing live Clostridium butyricum; L+M, basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 4 containing live E. faecium + C. butyricum.