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. 2019 Jun;14(6):939–947. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.250566

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Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research

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Summary diagram of the gene expression changes within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) which occur post-injury to the peripheral nerve.

The factors have been separated by effect, and up- (A) or down-regulation (B). IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; NF-κB: necrosis factor κB; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor α; p55: TNF-α receptor; IL-6: interleukin-6; i/nNOS: inducible/neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; BDNF: brain derived neurotrophic factor; NPY: neuropeptide Y; CCK: cholecytokinin; VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; CCR2: C-C chemokine receptor type 2; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; IL-4: interleukin-4.