Table 3.
Comparison of Models Used in Each Study.a
| Author, year | Patient Factors |
Clinician Factors |
System/Environmental
Factors |
|||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Sex/Gender | Race/Ethnicity | Income | Marital Status | Education | Comorbidities | Bowel Preparation | Prior Exam Findings | Utilization | Specialty | Volume | Country of Training | Age | Clinician Recommendation | GI Fellow Involvement | Clinic/Hospital/ASC | Geography | Utilization (System-Wide) | Insurance Status | Urban/Rural | Academic | |
| Goodwin, 201117 | X | X | O | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
| Partin, 201216 | O | O | O | O | O | X | O | X | X | |||||||||||||
| Sheffield, 201315 | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | X | O | X | ||||||||||
| Menees, 201420 | X | O | O | O | X | O | O | |||||||||||||||
| Saini, 201421 | Xb | O | Xb | O | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kruse, 201514 | O | O | O | O | O | O | X | O | ||||||||||||||
| Powell, 201518,c | X | X | X | X | O | O | O | O | ||||||||||||||
| Murphy, 201619 | O | O | O | O | O | O | X | O | X | |||||||||||||
Abbreviations: ASC, ambulatory surgery center; GI, gastrointestinal.
a
X = Found to be significantly associated with overuse. O = Included in the model but was not found to be significantly associated with overuse. Blank = Not included in model.
b
Age and sex interaction was found to be significantly associated with overuse.
c
Multiple models—these factors were found to be significant in the majority of them.