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. 2018 Nov 7;33(3):3279–3290. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801114R

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© The Author(s)

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Representative tissue sections of type I collagen (A), type II collagen (B), and von Kossa mineral staining (C) in E18 chick femur defects with and without pellet implant. A) COL I (type I collagen) within bone trabeculae (arrows) but not within pellet defects (circles) in all treatment groups. B) Enhanced COL II (type II collagen) presence in all cell pellet implants and surrounding bone tissue (arrows) compared with no-pellet controls. C) von Kossa staining showing black mineral deposits within the defects (red arrows), particularly in HBMSC and HUVEC pellet–implanted femurs. Pockets of osteoid matrix (pink/purple) were observed adjacent to coculture and HUVEC pellets (yellow arrows). Negative controls for immunostaining (Neg C) had primary antibody omitted. Scale bar, 100 µm.