Exosome-associated Aβ is increased after PA treatment. Exosomes were isolated from brains 16 h after administration of PA or vehicle (control, C). A) RIPA-soluble exosome associated Aβ40, Aβ42, and oAβ were increased in exosomes isolated from PA-treated TgCRND8 mice. B) After solid-phase extraction and concentration of exosome-associated rodent Aβ40, significant increases were also detected in wild-type mice. The dashed line represents background signal from exosomes isolated from APP knockout mice (n = 6 per group for TgCRND8 mice, n = 5 per group for wild-type mice, n = 2 APP knockout mice). *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001.