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. 2018 Nov 19;33(3):3536–3548. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801848R

Figure 5.

Figure 5

L. reuteri produces the immunomodulator ethionine. A) Triple quadrupole LC/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms of ethionine-d5 standard (left panels) and ethionine (right panels). The top row in each panel gives the m/z of the MRM transitions. Peak area counts of valid ethionine signals that have both quantifier and qualifiers are given in colored numbers. B) Quantification of ethionine in LDM3 after 7 d of culture. The LDM3 contained 0, 6.1, 18.3, 61.3, and 183 mM acetate or 6.1, 18.3, and 61.3 mM formate. C, D) mRNA levels of IκBα (C) and TNF-α (D) in THP-1 cells pretreated with 2.5 mM ethionine for 48 h and stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 2 h. Expression was calculated with the ΔΔCt method and normalized to untreated samples. E) Cell viability of THP-1 cells after incubation with ethionine at given time points as determined by flow cytometry using forward scatter/side scatter exclusion.