Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of all participants.
| Characteristics | UCa (n=84) | EHb (n=84) | P value | |
| Female, n (%) | 42 (50) | 48 (57) | .35 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.36 (9.52) | 51.11 (9.54) | .24 | |
| Education status, n (%) | ||||
| High school or lower | 63 (75) | 60 (71) | .60 | |
| College degree or higher | 21 (25) | 24 (29) | .60 | |
| Currently employed | 62 (74) | 58 (69) | .50 | |
| Marriage status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 76 (90) | 73 (87) | .72 | |
| Divorced | 5 (6) | 6 (7) | .72 | |
| Single | 3 (4) | 5 (6) | .72 | |
| Intervertebral discs involved in surgery, n (%) | ||||
| 1 disc | 37 (44) | 36 (43) | .96 | |
| 2 discs | 41 (49) | 41 (49) | .96 | |
| 3 discs | 6 (7) | 7 (8) | .96 | |
| Mean ODIc score (SD)d | 55.40 (14.78) | 54.14 (15.18) | .59 | |
| Mean VASe score (SD)f | 60.11 (15.99) | 57.71 (14.91) | .32 | |
| Mean Likert score (SD)g | 59.14 (14.86) | 59.71 (16.49) | .40 | |
| Mean EQ-5Dh score (SD)i | 35.75 (15.37) | 34.26 (14.84) | .32 | |
| Mean SF-36 GHj score (SD)k | 13.55 (5.58) | 13.60 (6.02) | .96 | |
| Mean SF-36 PFl score (SD)m | 21.11 (8.36) | 21.52 (8.72) | .75 | |
aUC: usual care.
bEH: eHealth program.
cODI: Oswestry Disability Index.
dRated to assess the patient’s level of disability because of low back pain. Ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more disability.
eVAS: visual analog scale.
fRated between 0 and 100 with 100 representing worst pain possible.
gMeasured using an 11-point numerical rating scale for average difficulty for movement in the previous week, where 0 indicated no difficulty and 10 indicated most difficulty.
hEQ-5D: EuroQol 5-Dimension health questionnaire.
iRated between 0 and 100 with 100 representing a perfect health-related quality of life.
jSF-36 GH: General health for 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.
kRanging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.
lSF-36 PF: Physical functioning for 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.
mRanging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.