Table 5.

Subgroup analysis of primary outcomes change from baseline and between-group difference outcomes.

Measurements and follow-up (month)		UCa change from baseline		HCb change from baseline		Difference UC versus HC, mean (SD)	P value
		Participants	Mean (SD)	Participants	Mean (SD)
ODIc
	3	80	–7.90 (4.53)	24	–7.71 (5.29)	–0.19 (1.10)	.86
	6	74	–14.39 (4.64)	24	–32.33 (25.56)	17.94 (5.24)	<.001
	12	70	–22.07 (5.56)	24	–35.46 (25.88)	13.39 (5.32)	.02
	24	61	–23.41 (6.65)	24	–42.21 (25.26)	18.80 (5.22)	.01
VASd
	3	80	–7.61 (5.15)	24	–6.42 (4. 91)	–1.20 (1.19)	.32
	6	74	–14.19 (5.11)	24	–33.75 (25.67)	19.56 (5.27)	.01
	12	70	–21.94 (5.8)	24	–36.29 (25.38)	14.35 (5.23)	.01
	24	61	–22.36 (6.90)	24	–43.92 (25.50)	21.56 (5.28)	.001

^aUC: usual care.

^bHC: highest compliance.

^cODI: Oswestry Disability Index.

^dVAS: visual analog scale.