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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 7.
Published in final edited form as: Fly (Austin). 2009 Jan 7;3(1):68–73. doi: 10.4161/fly.3.1.7788

Figure 2. The Drosophila Hpo pathway.

Figure 2

The Hpo kinase cascade consists of four core proteins: Hpo, Sav, Wts, and Mats. Sav binds and regulates Hpo. Hpo phosphorylates and activates Wts. Hpo also phosphorylates Mats to enhance its ability to activate Wts. Wts phosphorylates Yki and restricts its nuclear localization. Yki forms a complex with Sd to activate Hpo target genes. Ex and Mer act in a partially redundant manner to regulate the Hpo kinase cascade. Fat is a candidate receptor and may regulate the Hpo pathway through Dachs and Ex. Ds is a candidate ligand for Fat. Fj modulates Ds/Fat interaction through phosphorylating Ds and Fat in the Golgi.