Table 1.
Distribution of Variables in Patients With AMI According to the Development of CRS1
| Characteristic | Total (N=2094) | NO CRS1 (n=1917) | CRS1 (n=177) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (median, interquartile range) | 65 (57, 77) | 64 (56, 76) | 77 (67, 82) | <0.001 |
| Female (n, %) | 612 (29.2) | 541 (28.2) | 71 (40.1) | 0.001 |
| Hospital stay, d (median, interquartile range) | 8 (6, 10) | 7 (6, 9) | 10 (7, 14) | <0.001 |
| STEMI (n, %) | 1003 (47.9) | 916 (47.8) | 87 (49.2) | 0.727 |
| Measurements (median, interquartile range) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure at admission, mm Hg | 130 (114, 143) | 130 (115, 143) | 125 (111, 148) | 0.509 |
| Diastolic blood pressure at admission, mm Hg | 73 (65, 81) | 73 (65, 81) | 71 (64, 80) | 0.142 |
| Heart rate at admission, bpm | 74 (65, 82) | 74 (65, 84) | 83 (69, 97) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.4 (23.0, 27.7) | 25.4 (23.1, 27.7) | 24.3 (21.0, 27.6) | 0.009 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 62 (53, 67) | 62 (55, 67) | 50 (35, 64) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values (median, interquartile range) | ||||
| Hemoglobin at admission, g/L | 134 (121, 148) | 135 (122, 148) | 124 (104.8136.0) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit at admission, % | 40.2 (36.3, 44.0) | 40.5 (36.6, 44.3) | 37.4 (32.2, 41.1) | <0.001 |
| Albumin at admission, g/dL | 38.9 (35.8, 41.7) | 39.0 (36.0, 41.8) | 36.4 (33.4, 39.7) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP at admission, pg/mL | 738.0 (207.5, 2817.5) | 626.5 (193.0, 2236.8) | 5324.0 (2 357.5, 17 730.5) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine at admission, μmol/L | 78.0 (68.0, 96.3) | 77.0 (67.5, 92.3) | 113.0 (89.0147.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR at admission, mL/(min/1.73 m2) | 83.6 (64.3100.3) | 85.6 (67.6101.5) | 50.5 (32.9, 68.1) | <0.001 |
| Peak troponin I, ng/mL | 4.9 (1.1, 16.1) | 3.9 (0.8, 12.4) | 5.5 (1.3, 18.9) | 0.081 |
| Glucose at admission, mmol/L | 7.9 (6.4, 10.8) | 7.8 (6.4, 10.7) | 8.5 (6.6, 11.8) | 0.043 |
| hs‐CRP at admission, mg/L | 6.6 (2.3, 17.3) | 5.9 (2.2, 15.7) | 16.5 (8.1, 30.1) | <0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin at admission, % | 6.0 (5.5, 7.1) | 6.0 (5.5, 7.0) | 6.2 (5.7, 7.4) | 0.055 |
| Medical history (n, %) | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 828 (39.5) | 737 (38.4) | 91 (51.4) | 0.001 |
| Percutaneous revascularization | 326 (15.6) | 290 (15.1) | 36 (20.3) | 0.067 |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 45 (2.1) | 34 (1.8) | 11 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1383 (66.0) | 1244 (64.9) | 139 (78.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 710 (33.9) | 633 (33.0) | 77 (43.5) | 0.005 |
| Dyslipidemia | 934 (44.6) | 849 (44.3) | 85 (48.0) | 0.339 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 118 (5.6) | 81 (4.2) | 37 (20.9) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 124 (5.9) | 99 (5.2) | 25 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 356 (17.0) | 316 (16.5) | 40 (22.6) | 0.038 |
| Treatment after admission (n, %) | ||||
| IABP | 41 (2.0) | 30 (1.6) | 11 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Angiography | 1669 (79.7) | 1587 (82.8) | 82 (46.3) | <0.001 |
| Percutaneous revascularization | 1482 (70.8) | 1417 (73.9) | 65 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| ACEI and/or ARB | 1426 (68.1) | 1339 (69.8) | 87 (49.2) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 309 (14.8) | 239 (12.5) | 70 (39.5) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet agent | 1942 (92.7) | 1810 (94.4) | 132 (74.6) | <0.001 |
| β‐blocker | 1512 (72.2) | 1410 (73.6) | 102 (57.6) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 1802 (86.1) | 1686 (87.9) | 116 (65.5) | <0.001 |
| Clinical end points (n, %) | ||||
| All‐cause mortality | 63 (3.0) | 32 (1.7) | 31 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac mortality | 56 (2.7) | 27 (1.4) | 29 (16.4) | <0.001 |
ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; bpm, beats/min; CRS1, cardiorenal syndrome type 1; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; NT‐proBNP, amino‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide; STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction.