Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (n=5743)
| Pregnancy | |
| Age at enrollment (y), mean (SD) | 30.1 (5.1) |
| Non‐European ethnicity, % | 42.1 |
| No education/primary school, % | 11.7 |
| Pre‐pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), median (5th, 95th percentile) | 22.7 (18.7, 32.3) |
| Lean and normal, % | 71.2 |
| Overweight, % | 20.3 |
| Obese and morbidly obese, % | 8.5 |
| SBP at enrollment (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 115.6 (12.1) |
| DBP at enrollment (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 68.1 (9.5) |
| Smoking, % | 27.1 |
| Nulliparous, % | 60.1 |
| No folic acid intake, % | 28.3 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 0.4 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus, % | 1.1 |
| Pregnancy outcomes | |
| Spontaneous preterm birth, % | 3.6 |
| Small for gestational age (<p10), % | 9.9 |
| Preeclampsia, % | 2.1 |
| Gestational hypertension, % | 4.2 |
| Boys, % | 49.6 |
| Non‐European ethnicity child, % | 39.0 |
| Maternal outcomes 6 years after pregnancy | |
| Follow‐up interval (years), median (5th, 95th percentile) | 6.0 (5.7, 7.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (5th, 95th percentile) | 24.8 (19.7, 36.0) |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 119.3 (13.0) |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 71.0 (10.1) |
| Cardiovascular medication, % | 2.1 |
| Central retinal arteriolar caliber (μm), mean (SD) | 145.3 (16.9) |
| Central retinal venular caliber (μm), mean (SD) | 206.8 (22.5) |
| Smoking, % | 20.0 |
| Primigravid, %a | 8.5 |
| Child outcomes 6 years after pregnancy | |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (5th, 95th percentile) | 15.9 (13.9, 19.8) |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 103.0 (8.3) |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 62.0 (8.6) |
| Central retinal arteriolar caliber (μm), mean (SD) | 158.8 (14.9) |
| Central retinal venular caliber (μm), mean (SD) | 218.8 (19.9) |
| Outcomes 9 years after pregnancy | |
| BMI mother (kg/m2), median (5th, 95th percentile) | 24.8 (20.0, 36.2) |
| SBP mother (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 114.6 (12.8) |
| DBP mother (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 68.6 (8.2) |
| Cardiovascular medication, % | 2.4 |
| SBP child (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 103.2 (8.0) |
| DBP child (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 58.6 (6.4) |
| BMI child (kg/m2), median (5th, 95th percentile) | 17.0 (14.4, 23.3) |
Values are percentages for categorical variables, means (SD) for continuous variables with a normal distribution, or medians (5th, 95th percentile) for continuous variables with a skewed distribution. BMI indicates body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Up until follow‐up visit pregnancy had occurred no more than once.