Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in the Unmatched Real‐Life Population
| Characteristic | AMI (n=825; 29%) | Non‐AMI (n=1986; 71%) | P Value | STEMI (n=276; 10%) | NSTEMI (n=549; 19%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria, n (%) | ||||||
| Ventricular tachycardia | 248 (30) | 1116 (56) | 0.001a | 81 (29) | 167 (30) | 0.752 |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 443 (54) | 615 (31) | 0.001a | 156 (57) | 287 (52) | 0.249 |
| Early cardiac death | 286 (35) | 517 (26) | 0.001a | 84 (30) | 202 (37) | 0.070 |
| With VT | 49 (6) | 85 (4) | 0.060 | 11 (4) | 38 (7) | 0.092 |
| With VF | 108 (13) | 187 (9) | 0.004a | 35 (13) | 73 (13) | 0.805 |
| Without ventricular tachyarrhythmia | 134 (16) | 257 (13) | 0.021a | 39 (14) | 95 (17) | 0.244 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 612 (74) | 1368 (69) | 0.005a | 206 (75) | 406 (74) | 0.832 |
| Age, median (range) | 68 (19–100) | 68 (14–97) | 0.035a | 65 (25–91) | 69 (19–100) | 0.001a |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 482 (58) | 1078 (54) | 0.044a | 148 (54) | 334 (61) | 0.047a |
| Diabetes mellitus | 238 (29) | 513 (26) | 0.100 | 66 (24) | 172 (31) | 0.027a |
| Hyperlipidemia | 205 (25) | 515 (26) | 0.549 | 53 (19) | 152 (28) | 0.008a |
| Smoking | 283 (34) | 422 (21) | 0.001a | 112 (41) | 171 (31) | 0.007a |
| Cardiac family history | 75 (9) | 157 (8) | 0.298 | 26 (9) | 49 (9) | 0.815 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Prior heart failure | 113 (14) | 517 (26) | 0.001a | 22 (8) | 91 (17) | 0.001a |
| Prior CAD | 297 (36) | 792 (40) | 0.054 | 79 (29) | 218 (40) | 0.002a |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 164 (20) | 449 (23) | 0.111 | 41 (15) | 123 (22) | 0.010a |
| Preexisting ICD | 12 (1) | 256 (13) | 0.001a | 1 (0.4) | 11 (2) | 0.063 |
| Dilative cardiomyopathy | 0 (0) | 259 (13) | ··· | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ··· |
| Cardiogenic shock | 283 (34) | 284 (14) | 0.001a | 91 (33) | 192 (35) | 0.568 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 197 (24) | 613 (31) | 0.001a | 52 (19) | 145 (26) | 0.016a |
| Chronic kidney disease | 459 (56) | 987 (49) | 0.004a | 141 (51) | 318 (58) | 0.062 |
| Hyperkalemia | 28 (3) | 62 (3) | 0.709 | 4 (1) | 24 (4) | 0.029a |
| Hypokalemia | 36 (4) | 111 (6) | 0.184 | 10 (4) | 26 (5) | 0.460 |
| COPD/asthma | 69 (8) | 221 (12) | 0.028a | 13 (5) | 56 (10) | 0.007a |
| Stroke | 28 (3) | 55 (3) | 0.373 | 9 (3) | 19 (3) | 0.881 |
| Left ventricular function, n (%) | ||||||
| LVEF ≥55% | 169 (20) | 414 (21) | 0.830 | 61 (22) | 108 (20) | 0.415 |
| LVEF 54% to 35% | 219 (27) | 430 (22) | 0.005a | 80 (28) | 139 (25) | 0.260 |
| LVEF <35% | 165 (20) | 546 (27) | 0.001a | 48 (17) | 117 (21) | 0.184 |
| Not documented | 272 (···) | 596 (···) | 0.122 | 87 (···) | 185 (···) | 0.530 |
| Cardiac therapy at index, n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 628 (76) | 878 (44) | 0.001a | 211 (76) | 417 (76) | 0.875 |
| In hospital | 270 (33) | 403 (20) | 0.001a | 90 (33) | 180 (33) | 0.959 |
| Out of hospital | 358 (43) | 475 (24) | 0.001a | 121 (44) | 237 (43) | 0.854 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | ||||||
| Coronary angiography, overall | 662 (80) | 882 (44) | 0.001a | 241 (87) | 421 (77) | 0.001a |
| Coronary artery disease | 652 (79) | 508 (26) | 0.001a | 238 (86) | 414 (75) | 0.001a |
| No evidence of CAD | 10 (1) | 374 (19) | 0.001a | 3 (1) | 7 (1.2) | 0.816 |
| 1‐vessel | 208 (25) | 144 (7) | 0.001a | 84 (30) | 124 (23) | 0.014a |
| 2‐vessel | 208 (25) | 148 (7) | 0.001a | 77 (28) | 131 (24) | 0.208 |
| 3‐vessel | 236 (29) | 216 (11) | 0.001a | 77 (28) | 159 (29) | 0.750 |
| CTO | 171 (19) | 154 (23) | 0.065 | 34 (14) | 120(29) | 0.001a |
| Prior CABG | 40 (5) | 156 (8) | 0.004a | 8 (3) | 32 (6) | 0.064 |
| Intracoronary thrombus | 121 (15) | 15 (0.8) | 0.001a | 62 (22) | 59 (11) | 0.001a |
| CPR during coronary angiography | 104 (13) | 38 (2) | 0.001a | 34 (12) | 70 (13) | 0.860 |
| PCI, n (%) | 549 (67) | 171 (9) | 0.001a | 223 (81) | 326 (59) | 0.001a |
| Target lesions, n (%) | ||||||
| RCA | 190 (23) | 74 (4) | 0.001a | 81 (29) | 109 (20) | 0.002a |
| LMT | 37 (4) | 16 (0.8) | 0.001a | 9 (3) | 28 (5) | 0.228 |
| LAD | 289 (35) | 72 (4) | 0.001a | 128 (46) | 161 (29) | 0.001a |
| LCX | 136 (16) | 40 (2) | 0.001a | 47 (17) | 89 (16) | 0.732 |
| RIM | 8 (1) | 7 (0.4) | 0.041a | 1 (0.4) | 7 (1) | 0.207 |
| Bypass graft | 8 (1) | 9 (0.5) | 0.108 | 2 (0.7) | 6 (1) | 0.611 |
| Sent to CABG | 27 (3) | 19 (1) | 0.001a | 4 (1) | 23 (4) | 0.037a |
| Patients discharged | 409 (50) | 1288 (65) | 0.001a | 153 (55) | 265 (48) | 0.052 |
| Overall ICDs, n (%) | 726 (56) | 112 (27) | 0.001a | 23 (15) | 89 (34) | 0.001a |
| Medication at discharge, n (%) | ||||||
| Beta‐blocker | 377 (92) | 977 (76) | 0.001a | 143 (93) | 234 (88) | 0.088 |
| ACE inhibitor | 326 (80) | 724 (56) | 0.001a | 123 (80) | 203 (77) | 0.368 |
| ARB | 22 (5) | 164 (13) | 0.001a | 8 (5) | 14 (5) | 0.981 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 31 (8) | 150 (12) | 0.020a | 13 (8) | 18 (7) | 0.522 |
| Digitalis | 27 (7) | 182 (14) | 0.001a | 4 (3) | 23 (9) | 0.015a |
| Amiodarone | 51 (12) | 208 (16) | 0.071 | 8 (5) | 43 (16) | 0.001a |
| ASA only | 55 (13) | 392 (30) | 0.001a | 9 (6) | 46 (17) | 0.001a |
| Clopidogrel only | 8 (2) | 38 (3) | 0.352 | 2 (1) | 6 (2) | 0.492 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 338 (83) | 136 (11) | 0.001a | 141 (92) | 197 (74) | 0.001a |
| Statin | 379 (93) | 643 (50) | 0.001a | 145 (95) | 234 (88) | 0.028a |
ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA, acetyl salicylic acid; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; ICD; internal cardioverter defibrillator; LAD, left artery descending; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LCX, left circumflex; LMT, left main trunk; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; RIM, ramus intermedius; STEMI/NSTEMI, (non) ST segment myocardial infarction; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.
a
Indicates statistical significance at P<0.05.