Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics After Propensity Score Matching
| Characteristic | Non‐AMI (n=509; 50%) | AMI (n=509; 50%) | P Value | STEMI (n=187; 50%) | NSTEMI (n=187; 50%) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria, n (%) | ||||||
| Ventricular tachycardia | 212 (42) | 182 (36) | 0.024a | 62 (33) | 62 (33) | 0.804 |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 229 (45) | 267 (53) | 104 (56) | 110 (59) | ||
| Early cardiac death | 68 (13) | 60 (12) | 0.450 | 21 (11) | 15 (8) | 0.293 |
| With VT | 27 (5) | 20 (4) | 0.101 | 12 (6) | 3 (2) | 0.005 |
| With VF | 52 (10) | 35 (7) | 19 (10) | 7 (4) | ||
| Without VA | 68 (13) | 60 (12) | 15 (8) | 21 (11) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 391 (77) | 383 (75) | 0.345 | 149 (80) | 147 (79) | 0.799 |
| Age, median (range) | 68 (16–92) | 67 (19–100) | 0.358 | 64 (25–91) | 65 (19–100) | 0.649 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 307 (60) | 321 (63) | 0.367 | 107 (57) | 112 (60) | 0.600 |
| Diabetes | 147 (29) | 146 (29) | 0.945 | 45 (24) | 49 (26) | 0.633 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 140 (28) | 145 (29) | 0.727 | 43 (23) | 50 (27) | 0.402 |
| Smoking | 124 (24) | 203 (40) | 0.001a | 89 (48) | 80 (43) | 0.350 |
| Cardiac family history | 43 (8) | 54 (11) | 0.240 | 21 (11) | 19 (10) | 0.738 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Prior heart failure | 131 (26) | 99 (19) | 0.016a | 19 (10) | 28 (15) | 0.160 |
| Prior CAD | 221 (43) | 203 (40) | 0.252 | 52 (28) | 65 (35) | 0.147 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 127 (25) | 114 (22) | 0.338 | 27 (14) | 38 (20) | 0.133 |
| Preexisting ICD | 48 (9) | 10 (2) | 0.001a | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1) | 0.562 |
| Dilatative cardiomyopathy | 40 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.001a | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ··· |
| Cardiogenic shock | 123 (24) | 141 (28) | 0.198 | 47 (25) | 44 (24) | 0.718 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 157 (31) | 148 (30) | 0.538 | 45 (24) | 44 (24) | 0.903 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 271 (53) | 270 (53) | 0.950 | 84 (45) | 90 (48) | 0.534 |
| Hyperkalemia | 40 (8) | 15 (3) | 0.855 | 2 (1) | 8 (4) | 0.054 |
| Hypokalemia | 29 (6) | 27 (5) | 0.783 | 5 (3) | 14 (8) | 0.034a |
| COPD/asthma | 54 (11) | 46 (9) | 0.400 | 9 (5) | 23 (12) | 0.012a |
| Stroke | 15 (3) | 22 (4) | 0.241 | 7 (4) | 7 (4) | 1.000 |
| LVEF, n (%) | ||||||
| LVEF ≥55% | 155 (31) | 155 (31) | 0.311 | 60 (32) | 66 (35) | 0.685 |
| LVEF 54% to 35% | 179 (35) | 201 (39) | 0.154 | 79 (42) | 72 (39) | 0.461 |
| LVEF <35% | 175 (34) | 153 (30) | 0.140 | 48 (26) | 49 (26) | 0.905 |
| Cardiac therapies at index, n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 327 (64) | 346 (68) | 0.208 | 133 (71) | 136 (73) | 0.730 |
| In hospital | 149 (29) | 162 (32) | 0.376 | 58 (31) | 55 (30) | 0.735 |
| Out of hospital | 178 (35) | 184 (36) | 0.694 | 75 (40) | 81 (43) | 0.529 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | ||||||
| Coronary angiography overall | 270 (53) | 434 (85) | 0.001a | 171 (91) | 160 (86) | 0.075 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 163 (60) | 429 (99) | 0.001a | 187 (100) | 183 (98) | 0.988 |
| No evidence of CAD | 107 (40) | 5 (1) | 0.001a | 0 (0) | 4 (3) | |
| 1‐vessel | 43 (16) | 144 (33) | 0.001a | 66 (39) | 61 (38) | 0.635 |
| 2‐vessel | 50 (19) | 138 (32) | 0.001a | 59 (35) | 44 (28) | 0.119 |
| 3‐vessel | 70 (26) | 147 (34) | 0.001a | 46 (27) | 51 (32) | 0.594 |
| CTO | 56 (21) | 100 (23) | 0.475 | 23 (14) | 38 (24) | 0.016a |
| Prior CABG | 47 (17) | 30 (7) | 0.001a | 7 (4) | 12 (8) | 0.183 |
| Intracoronary thrombus | 6 (2) | 78 (18) | 0.001a | 50 (29) | 20 (13) | 0.001a |
| CPR during coronary angiography | 18 (7) | 39 (9) | 0.273 | 12 (7) | 13 (8) | 0.703 |
| PCI, n (%) | 60 (22) | 347 (80) | 0.001a | 171 (94) | 121 (76) | 0.001a |
| Target lesions | ||||||
| RCA | 26 (5) | 123 (24) | 0.001a | 59 (32) | 38 (20) | 0.013a |
| LMT | 6 (1) | 13 (3) | 0.105 | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 0.410 |
| LAD | 29 (6) | 187 (37) | 0.001a | 95 (51) | 60 (32) | 0.001a |
| RIM | 4 (0.8) | 5 (1) | 0.738 | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | 0.082 |
| RCX | 14 (3) | 86 (17) | 0.001a | 33 (18) | 30 (16) | 0.679 |
| Bypass graft | 2 (0.4) | 5 (1) | 0.255 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1.000 |
| Sent to CABG | 9 (2) | 23 (5) | 0.012a | 4 (2) | 9 (5) | 0.158 |
| Patients discharged | 293 (58) | 329 (65) | 0.021a | 134 (72) | 117 (63) | 0.061 |
| Overall ICDs, n (%) | 129 (44) | 98 (30) | 0.001a | 21 (16) | 29 (25) | 0.071 |
| Medication at discharge, n (%) | ||||||
| Beta‐blocker | 225 (77) | 302 (92) | 0.001a | 127 (95) | 109 (93) | 0.591 |
| ACE inhibitor | 172 (59) | 261 (79) | 0.001a | 109 (81) | 91 (78) | 0.484 |
| ARB | 31 (11) | 18 (6) | 0.017a | 8 (6) | 4 (3) | 0.388 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 16 (6) | 29 (9) | 0.107 | 11 (8) | 5 (4) | 0.203 |
| Digitalis | 44 (15) | 20 (6) | 0.001a | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 1.000 |
| Amiodarone | 45 (15) | 41 (13) | 0.296 | 6 (5) | 10 (9) | 0.188 |
| ASA only | 93 (32) | 48 (15) | 0.001a | 9 (7) | 18 (15) | 0.027a |
| Clopidogrel only | 2 (0.7) | 8 (2) | 0.083 | 2 (2) | 5 (4) | 0.182 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 36 (12) | 260 (79) | 0.001a | 122 (91) | 87 (74) | 0.001a |
| Statin | 150 (51) | 299 (91) | 0.001a | 130 (97) | 108 (92) | 0.093 |
ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA, acetyl salicylic acid; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; ICD; internal cardioverter defibrillator; LAD, left artery descending; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LCX, left circumflex; LMT, left main trunk; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; RIM, ramus intermedius; STEMI/NSTEMI, (non) ST segment myocardial infarction; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT ventricular tachycardia.
a
Indicates statistical significance at P<0.05.