. 2018 Sep 29;7(19):e008856. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008856

Table 5.

Multivariable Association of Systolic Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, HbA1c, HDL‐Cholesterol, and Echocardiographic Findings in Patients With T2D

	Log₂ (Systolic Blood Pressure)		Log₂ (BMI)		Log₂ (Hemoglobin A_1c)		Log₂ (HDL‐Cholesterol)
	β‐Coefficient (SE)	P Value	β‐Coefficient (SE)	P Value	β‐Coefficient (SE)	P Value	β‐Coefficient (SE)	P Value
Structural measures
Left ventricular mass index, g/m^2.7	6.9 (2.2)	0.002^a	15.2 (1.6)	<0.001^a	−1.8 (1.1)	0.09	−2.6 (1.1)	0.02^a
Interventricular septum diameter, mm	0.8 (0.3)	0.01^a	1.5 (0.2)	<0.00^a1	0.3 (0.2)	0.09	−0.1 (0.2)	0.50
End‐diastolic internal diameter, mm	1.6 (1.3)	0.20	4.2 (0.9)	<0.001^a	−1.8 (0.6)	0.004^a	−1.2 (0.6)	0.06
Posterior wall diameter, mm	0.9 (0.3)	0.004^a	1.6 (0.2)	<0.001^a	0.03 (0.1)	0.84	−0.1 (0.1)	0.32
Relative wall thickness	0.02 (0.02)	0.29	0.03 (0.01)	0.03^a	0.02 (0.01)	0.02^a	0.01 (0.01)	0.46
Sphericity index (per 0.01 increase)	0.55 (1.09)	0.61	−0.79 (0.41)	0.05	0.42 (0.29)	0.15	0.31 (0.28)	0.26
Left atrial end‐systolic volume index, mL/m²	3.8 (1.7)	0.03^a	0.4 (1.2)	0.77	−1.6 (0.8)	0.06	−0.5 (0.8)	0.56
Diastolic measures
Peak E velocity, cm/s	0.15 (0.04)	<0.001^a	0.10 (0.03)	<0.001^a	−0.01 (0.02)	0.58	−0.02 (0.02)	0.38
Peak A velocity, cm/s	0.21 (0.04)	<0.001^a	0.08 (0.03)	0.003^a	0.03 (0.02)	0.09	−0.01 (0.02)	0.42
E/A ratio	−0.04 (0.06)	0.52	0.02 (0.04)	0.70	−0.04 (0.03)	0.12	0.00 (0.03)	0.98
E deceleration time, ms	−19.3 (15.6)	0.22	21.0 (11.0)	0.06	17.2 (7.4)	0.02^a	2.8 (7.5)	0.71
Lateral e′, cm/s	−1.1 (0.5)	0.02^a	−1.1 (0.3)	0.002^a	−0.4 (0.2)	0.05	0.4 (0.2)	0.12
Septal e′, cm/s	−0.2 (0.4)	0.53	−0.5 (0.3)	0.05	−0.3 (0.2)	0.06	0.4 (0.2)	0.02^a
E/e′_lateral	4.1 (0.9)	<0.001^a	2.0 (0.6)	0.002^a	0.2 (0.4)	0.60	−1.1 (0.4)	0.02^a
E/e′_septal	3.3 (1.0)	0.001^a	2.3 (0.7)	0.002^a	0.4 (0.5)	0.13	−1.0 (0.5)	0.04^a
Systolic measures
Ejection fraction, %	−0.5 (1.8)	0.77	−2.2 (1.3)	0.09	−0.3 (0.9)	0.72	2.3 (0.9)	0.01^a
Global longitudinal systolic strain, %	0.6 (0.6)	0.29	1.7 (0.4)	<0.001^a	0.4 (0.3)	0.17	−0.6 (0.3)	0.05
Global longitudinal systolic strain rate, s^–1	0.08 (0.04)	0.03^a	0.05 (0.03)	0.07	0.01 (0.02)	0.58	−0.04 (0.02)	0.04^a
Global circumferential systolic strain, %	0.9 (1.3)	0.46	2.3 (0.9)	0.01^a	0.07 (0.6)	0.91	0.1 (0.6)	0.82
Global circumferential systolic strain rate, s^–1	0.17 (0.08)	0.04^a	−0.03 (0.06)	0.59	−0.02 (0.04)	0.63	−0.05 (0.04)	0.25

Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, hemoglobin A_1c, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, HDL‐cholesterol, triglyceride level, and albuminuria. A indicates atrial diastolic mitral inflow velocity; BMI, body mass index; E, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity; e′, early diastolic myocardial velocity at the level of the mitral annulus; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; SE, standard error.

P<0.05.