Table 3.
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Predictive Model Covariates—Univariate and Selection Model ORs
| Baseline Characteristic | OR Comparison | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted P Value | Selection Model OR (95% CI) | Selection Model P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | Per 5 y | 1.25 (1.22, 1.28) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.11, 1.19) | <0.001 |
| Sex | Female vs male | 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | Hispanic or Latino vs not Hispanic | 0.57 (0.49, 0.66) | <0.001 | ||
| Race | American Indian or Alaska Native vs white | 1.04 (0.50, 2.20) | 0.009 | ||
| Asian vs white | 0.84 (0.70, 1.00) | ||||
| Black vs white | 1.02 (0.84, 1.24) | ||||
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander vs white | 1.37 (0.62, 3.06) | ||||
| Other vs white | 0.70 (0.57, 0.86) | ||||
| Region | Asian Pacific vs North America | 0.66 (0.55, 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.69, 1.02) | <0.001 |
| Europe vs North America | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.92) | |||
| Latin America vs North America | 0.41 (0.34, 0.49) | 0.55 (0.45, 0.67) | |||
| Smoking status | Current vs never | 1.30 (1.12, 1.51) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.10, 1.52) | 0.004 |
| Former vs never | 1.33 (1.21, 1.47) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | |||
| Alcohol consumption | Yes vs no | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 0.864 | ||
| Previous cardiovascular event | Yes vs no | 3.09 (2.69, 3.55) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.27, 1.79) | <0.001 |
| Previous MI | Yes vs no | 2.22 (2.02, 2.43) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.35, 1.69) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus duration | Per 5 y, under 12.5 y | 1.28 (1.18, 1.38) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 0.003 |
| Per 5 y, over 12.5 y | 1.13 (1.08, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | |||
| Previous revascularization | Yes vs no | 2.19 (1.99, 2.41) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.09, 1.39) | 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | Yes vs no | 1.82 (1.64, 2.03) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.32, 1.67) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | I vs no HF | 1.55 (1.28, 1.88) | <0.001 | 1.17 (0.96, 1.42) | <0.001 |
| II vs no HF | 1.91 (1.66, 2.18) | 1.41 (1.22, 1.63) | |||
| III vs no HF | 3.28 (2.65, 4.05) | 2.07 (1.66, 2.60) | |||
| IV vs no HF | 9.01 (4.04, 20.11) | 4.31 (1.78, 10.41) | |||
| Chronic liver disease | Yes vs no | 0.89 (0.70, 1.15) | 0.378 | ||
| Chronic respiratory disease | Yes vs no | 1.80 (1.57, 2.06) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.16, 1.55) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | Yes vs no | 1.49 (1.31, 1.70) | <0.001 | ||
| Hypertension | Yes vs no | 1.89 (1.61, 2.22) | <0.001 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | Yes vs no | 2.01 (1.74, 2.32) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.10, 1.49) | 0.002 |
| Unstable angina | Yes vs no | 1.77 (1.51, 2.07) | <0.001 | ||
| Depression | Yes vs no | 1.29 (1.12, 1.47) | <0.001 | ||
| BMI | Per 1 point, under 30 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.006 | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Per 1 point, over 30 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | |||
| HbA1c | Per 1% | 1.08 (1.03, 1.14) | 0.002 | 1.16 (1.10, 1.22) | <0.001 |
| eGFR | Per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2, under 85 | 0.82 (0.79, 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) | <0.001 |
| Per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2, over 85 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.09) | |||
| SBP | Per 10 mm Hg, under 130 | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Per 10 mm Hg, over 130 | 1.11 (1.07, 1.15) | 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) | |||
| DBP | Per 10 mm Hg, under 85 | 0.75 (0.71, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.007 |
| Per 10 mm Hg, over 85 | 1.23 (1.08, 1.40) | 1.19 (1.03, 1.37) | |||
| Pulse pressure | Per 10 mm Hg, under 50 | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) | <0.001 | ||
| Per 10 mm Hg, over 50 | 1.15 (1.10, 1.19) |
BMI indicates body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.