Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients
| Characteristic | RIPC (n=15) | Sham (n=15) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 64.5±8.8 | 61.7±11.2 | 0.465 |
| Male | 13 (87) | 13 (87) | 1.000 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 1 (7) | 4 (27) | 0.142 |
| Prior PCI | 2 (13) | 6 (40) | 0.099 |
| Prior CABG | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ··· |
| Heart failure | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0.309 |
| Prior stroke | 1 (7) | 2 (13) | 0.543 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0) | 2 (13) | 0.143 |
| Hypertension | 11 (73) | 10 (67) | 0.690 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (47) | 3 (20) | 0.121 |
| Dyslipidemia | 13 (87) | 9 (60) | 0.099 |
| Current smoking | 1 (7) | 3 (20) | 0.283 |
| Normal left ventricular contractility | 14 (93) | 14 (93) | 1.000 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 2 (13) | 1 (7) | 0.543 |
| Medications | |||
| Aspirin (100 mg daily) | 14 (93) | 15 (100) | 0.309 |
| P2Y12 antagonist | 12 (80) | 10 (67) | 0.409 |
| Clopidogrel | 9 (60) | 9 (60) | |
| Ticagrelor | 3 (20) | 1 (7) | |
| Warfarin/NOAC | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ··· |
| Statin | 14 (93) | 14 (93) | 1.000 |
| β‐Blocker | 5 (33) | 8 (53) | 0.269 |
| ACEI or ARB | 11 (73) | 7 (47) | 0.136 |
| Nitrate | 1 (7) | 1 (7) | 1.000 |
| Coronary assessment | |||
| LAD assessed | 12 (80) | 10 (67) | 0.409 |
| Lesion diameter stenosis, %a | 38.7±10.0 | 39.5±6.4 | 0.779 |
| Vessel reference diameter, mma | 2.9±0.5 | 2.6±0.5 | 0.051 |
| Lesion length, mma | 9.4±4.3 | 10.1±4.2 | 0.651 |
| Parameters during admission | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128.5±12.8 | 136.1±12.3 | 0.108 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 68.4±11.0 | 67.9±10.5 | 0.893 |
| Hemoglobin concentration, g/L | 138.1±19.9 | 130.9±15.2 | 0.276 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 83.1±11.1 | 84.9±13.4 | 0.682 |
Data are shown as mean±SD or n (%). ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LAD, left anterior descending artery; NOAC, novel oral anticoagulant; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RIPC, remote ischemic preconditioning.
a
Average value from quantitative coronary angiographic assessment of 2 views of each lesion per patient.