. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Exp Gerontol. 2018 Dec 18;116:46–53. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.013

Table 4.

Responses to all-extremity HIIT and MICT.

	HIIT		MICT		CONT		P	P
	Baseline	Follow-up	Baseline	Follow-up	Baseline	Follow-up	Baseline	Group×time
Aerobic fitness
VO_2peak, L/min	2.06±0.15	2.25±0.17^*	1.96±0.12	2.11±0.13^†	1.96±0.12	1.92±0.12	0.8	0.006
VO_2peak, mL/kg/min	22.3±1.0	24.6±1.3^*	21.6±1.2	23.3±1.2^†	21.4±1.3	20.9±1.2	0.8	0.002
Test duration, min	11.7±0.5	13.5±0.6^*	11.4±0.9	12.6±1.0^†	10.6±0.6	10.7±0.7	0.6	0.01
VT, L/min	1.41±0.10	1.55±0.13^†	1.33±0.08	1.51±0.11^†	1.36±0.10	1.26±0.08	0.8	0.001
HR_rest, beats/min	61±2	59±1	70±3	68±3	65±3	67±3	0.053	0.1
HR_peak, beats/min	152±3	151±3	155±5	155±4	147±4	147±5	0.4	0.8
Body composition
Body weight, kg	92.0±4.7	91.4±4.5	92.6±4.5	92.2±4.8	91.5±3.9	91.4±3.9	>0.99	0.7
BMI, kg/m²	31.7±1.3	31.5±1.2	31.8±1.4	31.7±1.5	33.9±1.4	33.9±1.4	0.5	0.7
Body fat, %	37.9±1.9	37.7±2.0	36.3±2.1	35.2±2.2^‡	37.6±2.3	38.5±2.3^‡	0.8	0.01
Fat-free mass, kg	56.9±3.2	56.7±3.2	58.5±2.8	59.1±3.0	55.4±2.2	54.6±2.2	0.9	0.09
Fat mass, kg	35.1±2.7	34.6±2.6	34.1±2.7	33.1±2.8	34.5±3.1	35.3±3.2	0.96	0.07
Waist circ, cm	108.6±3.3	107.7±3.4	109.0±3.7	108.2±4.0	106.3±2.6	106.6±2.7	0.95	0.2
WHR	0.96±0.02	0.95±0.02	0.97±0.02	0.97±0.02	0.94±0.02	0.96±0.02	0.9	0.4
Glycemic control and lipids
HbA_1C, %	7.1±0.3	6.8±0.2	7.2±0.3	7.0±0.2	7.4±0.4	7.5±0.4	0.8	0.1
Glucose, mg/dL	133±9	127±9	140±10	139±7	147±16	152±17	0.7	0.7
Insulin, μU/mL	11.1±2.4	9.2±1.5	12.0±1.9	11.6±2.0	11.7±1.5	11.8±1.7	0.95	0.4
HOMA-IR	3.65±0.90	2.75±0.46	4.13±0.84	4.08±0.78	3.97±0.45	4.39±0.70	0.9	0.3
Total chol, mg/dL	178±12	180±13	159±10	166±10	166±11	165±12	0.5	0.6
HDL, mg/dL	51±4	51±4	49±6	51±6	49±4	49±3	0.9	0.5
LDL, mg/dL	85±9	94±7	83±7	91±8	92±10	87±10	0.9	0.3
Triglycerides, mg/dL	160±35	144±27	142±19	125±13	146±23	154±24	0.9	0.4
Resting blood pressure
Systolic BP, mmHg	124±2	122±2	127±5	126±5	126±4	125±4	0.9	0.9
Diastolic BP, mmHg	70±1	68±1	73±2	71±2	73±2	74±2	0.2	0.4

Data are means±SE. BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; chol = cholesterol; circ = circumference; CONT = non-exercise control; HbA_1C = hemoglobin A_1C; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HIIT = high-intensity interval training; HR_peak = peak heart rate; HR_rest = resting heart rate; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; MICT = moderate-intensity continuous training; VO_2Peak= peak oxygen consumption; VT = ventilatory threshold; WHR = waist to hip ratio.

P<0.0001;

^†

P<0.005;

^‡

P<0.05 vs. baseline.