Table 1:

Long non-coding RNAs implicated in lung diseases.

Lung Disease	lncRNA	Mechanism of Action	Reference
ALI	FOXD3-AS1	FOXD3-AS1 serves as sponge for miR-150, inhibiting lung epithelial cell growth	[28]
	CASC2	Serves as miR-144–3p decoy and plays a role in LPS-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis	[29]
	NANCI	Involved in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury	[30]
IPF	H19	Upregulated in fibroblasts, promoting proliferation and collagen deposition	[34,35]
COPD	SCAL1	Upregulated in response to cigarette smoke to serve as protective mechanism	[41]
Lung Cancer	MALATl	Upregulated in NSCLC and predictor of prognosis	[42]
	UCA1	Upregulated in NSCLC and predictor of prognosis	[43]
	HOTAIR	Upregulated in NSCLC and promotes metastatic breast cancer progression	[44–46]
PAH	TCONS_00034812	Downregulated in PAH patients, promoting proliferation of PASMCs and pulmonary artery thickening	[50,51]

Abbreviations: ALI: Acute Lung Injury; IPF: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; PAH: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; lncRNA: Long Non-Coding Rna; NSCLC: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; PASMCs: Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells