Table 4. Pairwise comparisons of the effects of problem gambling on spending on in-game items other than loot boxes.

Pairwise comparison groups	U	p-value	Cohen’s d	Vargha and Delaney’s A
Non problem gamblers vs. low-risk gamblers	78292.00	<0.001*	0.300	0.580
Non problem gamblers vs. moderate-risk gamblers	11829.00	<0.001*	0.527	0.639
Non problem gamblers vs. problem gamblers	51755.00	<0.001*	0.298	0.579
Low-risk gamblers vs. moderate-risk gamblers	7592.00	0.099	0.217	0.561
Low-risk gamblers vs. problem gamblers	31646.00	0.642	0.036	0.510
Moderate-risk gamblers vs. problem gamblers	6364.00	0.243	-0.160	0.455

Effects that are significant at the p<0.008 level are marked with a *.