Table 4. Estimating the psychological impact of CL using the staged model of depression adapted from Patel (2017) [19].

Stage	Definition	CL estimate	References
Wellness	Absence of any sustained, distressing, emotional experiences	30%	[57–59, 61]
Distress	Mild to moderate distressing emotional experiences of relatively short duration	50%	[46, 47, 49, 51–55, 60, 62]
Major Depressive Disorder	Severely distressing experiences, lasting at least two to four weeks, with impairment of social functioning	20%	[33, 34, 36, 38, 40–45]
Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder	Unresponsive or relapsing depressive episodes