Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Children With Salmonella enterica Blood Stream Infections in Korogwe, Tanzania, 2008–2016
| Salmonella Typhi | Nontyphoidal Salmonella | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | YES | NO | P value | All | YES | NO | P value | |
| Characteristics | N | n (%) | n (%) | N | n (%) | |||
| Sex | 4176 | 129 | 4025 | .062 | 4176 | 42 | 4134 | .753 |
| Male | 81 (62.8) | 2205 (54.5) | 26 (61.9) | 2262 (54.7) | ||||
| Female | 48 (37.2) | 1842 (44.5) | 16 (38.1) | 1872 (45.3) | ||||
| Age (months), median (range) | 4155 | 13.1 (2.4– 59.9) | 15.1 (1.0–59.9) | .185 | 4155 | 11.5 (2.0–48.0) | 15.0 (1.0–59.9) | .060 |
| Axillary temperature (°C), mean ± SD | 4156 | 38.3 ±1.0 | 38.0 ±1.1 | .214 | 4156 | 38.3±1.1 | 38.1±1.0 | 0.480 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||||||
| Fever | 4156 | 129 | 4027 | .076 | 4156 | 42 | .353 | |
| Yes | 102 (79.1) | 2898 (72.0) | 33 (78.6) | 1147 (27.9) | ||||
| No | 27 (20.9) | 1129 (28.0) | 9 (21.4) | 2967 (72.1) | ||||
| Cough | 4172 | 128 | 4044 | .332 | 39 | 4133 | .751 | |
| Yes | 71 (55.5) | 2067 (51.1) | 19 (48.7) | 2119 (51.3) | ||||
| No | 57 (44.5) | 1977 (48.9) | 20 (51.3) | 2014 (48.7) | ||||
| Diarrhea | 4171 | 126 | 4045 | .476 | 4171 | 40 | 4131 | .699 |
| Yes | 44 (34.9) | 1539 (38.1) | 14 (35.0) | 1569 (38.0) | ||||
| No | 82 (65.1) | 2506 (61.9) | 26 (65.0) | 2562 (62.0) | ||||
| Vomiting | 4174 | 127 | 4047 | .796 | 42 | 4132 | .744 | |
| Yes | 41 (32.3) | 1351 (33.4) | 15 (35.7) | 1377 (33.3) | ||||
| No | 86 (67.7) | 2696 (66.6) | 27 (64.3) | 2755 (66.7) | ||||
| Concurrent illness | ||||||||
| Malariaa | 4169 | 122 | 4047 | .918 | 4169 | 42 | .549 | |
| Yes | 25 (20.5) | 814 (20.1) | 10 (23.8) | 829 (20.1) | ||||
| No | 97 (79.5) | 3233 (79.9) | 32 (76.2) | 3298 (79.9) | ||||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 4172 | 127 | 4045 | .609 | 4172 | 40 | .893 | |
| Yes | 62 (48.8) | 1977 (48.9) | 20 (50.0) | 2110 (51.1) | ||||
| No | 65 (51.2) | 2068 (51.1) | 20 (50.0) | 2022 (48.9) | ||||
| Pneumoniab | 4175 | 129 | 4046 | .259 | 4175 | 31 | .369 | |
| Yes | 48 (35.7) | 1349 (33.3) | 11 (26.8) | 1384 (33.5) | ||||
| No | 83 (64.3) | 2697 (66.7) | 20 (73.2) | 2750 (66.5) | ||||
| HIV infectionc | 2026 | 129 | 1897 | .436 | 42 | 1984 | .400 | |
| Yes | 2 (1.5) | 64 (3.4) | 2026 | 0 (0.0) | 66 (3.3) | |||
| No | 127 (98.5) | 1833 (96.6) | 42 (100.0) | 1918 (96.7) | ||||
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.
aMalaria diagnosis was based on rapid test.
bPneumonia was defined as presence of fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing.
cHIV test was performed only for children whom parents/caretakers provided consent after voluntary counseling.