Table 1.
Patient characteristics and univariate analyses.
| Variable | Value (n and % or ± SD) | HR, 95% CI | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics (n = 76) | |||
| Age (years) | 59.7 ± 9.6 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | .10 |
| Female sex | 25 (33%) | 0.63 (0.34–1.12) | .11 |
| NYHA functional class III to IV | 22 (29%) | 2.83 (1.57–4.97) | <.001 |
| ECG limb lead voltage (mm) | 6.7 ± 3.2 | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | .001 |
| MRI straina (n = 75) | |||
| Radial strain (SAX) | 24 ± 10 | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | <.01 |
| Circumferential strain (SAX) | −14 ± 5 | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | <.01 |
| Longitudinal strain | −14 ± 5 | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) | <.01 |
| Delayed enhancement (n = 76) | |||
| Delayed enhancement - Overall | .04b | ||
| Global | 32 (42%) | 2.06 (1.19–3.59) | .01 |
| Focal Patchy | 24 (32%) | 0.65 (0.34–1.19) | .17 |
| None | 20 (26%) | 0.66 (0.34–1.21) | .18 |
| MRI massc and wall thickness (n = 75) | |||
| Indexed LVM (g/m2) | 72 ± 26 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | .02 |
| Indexed RVM (g/m2) | 24 ± 8 | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | .03 |
| Maximum LV wall thickness (mm) | 15 ± 3 | 1.13 (1.03–1.23) | <.01 |
| Maximum RV wall thickness (mm) | 6 ± 2 | 1.25 (1.09–1.43) | <.01 |
| CMR volumeb (n = 75) | |||
| Indexed LVEDV (mL/m2) | 49 ± 12 | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | .89 |
| Indexed LVESV (mL/m2) | 21 ± 9 | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | .04 |
| Indexed LVSV (mL/m2) | 28 ± 8 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | .01 |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 13 | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | <.01 |
| Indexed RVEDV (mL/m2) | 65 ± 18 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | .30 |
| Indexed RVESV (mL/m2) | 39 ± 16 | 1.02 (1.00 –1.05) | .02 |
| Indexed RVSV (mL/m2) | 26 ± 9 | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | .10 |
| RVEF (%) | 41 ± 12 | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) | .02 |
| Cardiac biochemical biomarkers (n = 69) | |||
| Biochemical biomarker stage - Overall | – | .01d | |
| Stage 1 | 13 (19%) | 0.52 (0.21–1.09) | .09 |
| Stage 2 | 29 (42%) | 0.69 (0.37–1.24) | .21 |
| Stage 3 | 27 (39%) | 2.44 (1.34–4.39) | <.01 |
| Log (NT-Pro BNP) | 0.42 ± 1.68 | 1.58 (1.29–1.96) | <.001 |
| Log (cTNT) | −3.52 ± 1.14 | 1.60 (1.26–2.03) | <.001 |
| TTE diastolic parameters (n = 76) | |||
| E velocity (m/s) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.02 (0.29–3.42) | .98 |
| A velocity (m/s) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.17 (0.04–0.70) | .01 |
| E/A ratio | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.57 (1.13–2.21) | <.01 |
| e′ (m*102/s) | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 0.83 (0.72–0.94) | <.01 |
| E/e′ ratio | 19.5 ± 12.0 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | .44 |
| Deceleration time (cm/s) | 189 ± 55 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | .08 |
| Other (n = 76) | |||
| Pericardial effusion-no. (%) | 42 (55) | 1.84 (1.06–3.30) | .03 |
| Pleural effusion-no. (%) | 35 (46) | 2.71 (1.55–4.80) | <.001 |
Hazard ratios for strain variables are for one strain unit.
Indicates that there is a statistically significant difference among the three delayed enhancement patterns without indicating which is most associated with adverse prognosis.
Hazard ratios for mass variables are for one gram of mass. For volumes, hazard ratios are for 1 mL/m2 of indexed volume or one percent ejection fraction.
Indicates that there is a statistically significant difference among the three biomarker stages without indicating which is most associated with adverse prognosis.
BP: blood pool; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; LV: left ventricle; LVEDV: left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end systolic volume; LVM: left ventricular mass; LVSV: left ventricular stroke volume; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NTproBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; RV: right ventricle; NYHA: New York Heart Association; RVEDV: right ventricular end diastolic volume; RVEF: right ventricular ejection fraction; RVESV: right ventricular end systolic volume; RVM: right ventricular mass; RVSV: right ventricular stroke volume; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography.