Table 4.
Mean (95% CI) of cardiometabolic risk factors according to different metabolic phenotypes of obesity in Iranian children and adolescents
| Total | MHNO a (n = 3202) | MHO b (n = 340) | MNHNO c (n = 120) | MNHO d (n = 68) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 40.4 (40.2,40.6) | 38.4 (37.9,38.9) | 60.6 (57.2,63.9) | 40.9 (37.7,44.1) | 58.4 (52.1,64.7) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 144.9 (144.7145.1) | 145.2 (144.7145.7) | 148.3 (145.4151.1) | 146.5 (143.2149.9) | 148.6 (143,154.3) | 0.12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5 (18.4,18.6) | 17.6 (17.4,17.7) | 26.9 (26,27.8) | 18.5 (17.6,19.5) | 25.7 (24.5,27) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 65.8 (65.5,66) | 64.5 (64.1,64.9) | 77.5 (75.2,79.8) | 73.1 (69.9,76.4) | 82 (77.7,86.3) | <0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 79.3 (79.1,79.6) | 78.2 (77.7,78.7) | 91.9 (88.7,95.1) | 81 (77.9,84.2) | 97.3 (92.3102.3) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.45 (0.45,0.45) | 0.44 (0.44,0.45) | 0.52 (0.51,0.53) | 0.5 (0.48,0.52) | 0.55 (0.53,0.57) | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 89 (87.1,91) | 84.6 (82.6,86.6) | 81.5 (75.9,87.2) | 146.4 (131,161.7) | 135.6 (115.5155.7) | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 152.9 (151.8154.1) | 155.2 (153.8156.5) | 153.3 (148.8157.8) | 149.8 (143.7155.8) | 149.9 (140.8158.9) | 0.31 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 90.9 (89.8,91.8) | 91.2 (90.1,92.3) | 90.8 (87.1,94.6) | 84 (78.4,89.6) | 85.6 (78.2,92.9) | 0.07 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 46.1 (45.7,46.6) | 46.6 (46.1,47) | 46.2 (44.4,47.9) | 36.5 (35,37.9) | 37.2 (34.8,39.6) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 98.8 (98.5,99) | 97 (96.5,97.5) | 103.8 (101.6105.9) | 103.9 (101,106.8) | 105.8 (100.4111.2) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 63.6 (63.4,63.8) | 62.7 (62.3,63.1) | 65.4 (63.8,67) | 69.4 (66.8,72) | 74.6 (69.9,79.3) | <0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 91.2 (90.8,91.6) | 91.1 (90.6,91.5) | 88.8 (87.3,90.4) | 97.5 (94,101.1) | 96.5 (91.1101.8) | <0.001 |
| Boys | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 42.4 (42.1,42.6) | 39.7 (39.3,40.2) | 58.6 (55.8,61.4) | 42.2 (37.9,46.5) | 70.7 (60.7,80.7) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 148.1 (147.9148.4) | 148.3 (147.8148.8) | 148.6 (145.7151.5) | 147.3 (142.3152.2) | 154.6 (143,154.3) | 0.17 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5 (18.4,18.6) | 17.4 (17.3,17.5) | 25.6 (25,26.1) | 18.5 (17.7,19.4) | 29.5 (24.5,34.5) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 67.6 (67.4,67.9) | 65.2 (64.9,65.6) | 79 (77,81.1) | 70.1 (67.4,72.8) | 88.1 (84.2,92) | <0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 78.9 (78.7,79.1) | 77.6 (77.2,78.1) | 90 (87.9,92.1) | 81 (77.7,84.2) | 95.8 (91.8,99.8) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.46 (0.45,0.46) | 0.44 (0.34,0.44) | 0.53 (0.52,0.54) | 0.48 (0.46,0.49) | 0.57 (0.55,0.59) | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 87.1 (85.1,89.2) | 84.6 (82.6,86.6) | 79.4 (74,84.5) | 142.3 (124.6160) | 140.3 (122.3158.3) | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 152.9 (151.8154.1) | 152.8 (151.5154.1) | 154 (150.5157.4) | 150.6 (143.6157.7) | 161.5 (151.9171.2) | 0.19 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 89.3 (88.4,90.2) | 89.3 (88.3,90.4) | 90.2 (87.2,93.3) | 86.1 (80.4,91.8) | 93.6 (85.8101.4) | 0.38 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 46.2 (45.8,46.6) | 46.6 (46.1,47) | 47.9 (46.5,49.2) | 36.1 (34.1,38) | 39.9 (37.4,42.3) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 99.5 (99.3,99.8) | 98.5 (98,99) | 103.6 (101.8105.4) | 106 (102.2109.8) | 109.4 (100.4114) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 64.1 (63.9,64.3) | 62.8 (62.4,63.2) | 66.9 (65.5,68.2) | 71.5 (68.3,74.6) | 72.5 (69.1,76) | <0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 92.1 (91.5,92.6) | 91.8 (91.2,92.3) | 90.6 (89.2,91.9) | 102.2 (98.1106.2) | 94.6 (91.1,98.1) | <0.001 |
| Total | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 41.4 (41.2,41.6) | 39.1 (38.7,39.4) | 59.4 (57.2,61.6) | 41.6 (38.9,44.3) | 66.2 (59.3,73.1) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 146.6 (146.4146.7) | 146.8 (146.4147.1) | 148.5 (146.4150.9) | 146.9 (143.8150) | 152.4 (148.2156.5) | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5 (18.4,18.6) | 17.5 (17.4,17.5) | 26.1 (25.6,26.6) | 18.5 (17.9,19.1) | 28.1 (24.9,31.3) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 66.7 (66.6,66.9) | 64.8 (64.6,65.1) | 78.4 (76.9,80) | 71.5 (69.5,73.5) | 85.9 (82.8,89) | <0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 79.1 (79,79.3) | 77.9 (77.6,78.2) | 90.8 (89,92.6) | 81 (78.7,83.2) | 96.3 (93.2,99.5) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.46(0.45,0.46) | 0.44 (0.44,0.44) | 0.53 (0.52,0.53) | 0.49 (0.48,0.5) | 0.56 (0.55,0.58) | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 88 (86.6,89.5) | 85.6 (84.2,87.1) | 80.3 (76.3,84.2) | 144.2 (132.2156.1) | 138.6 (125.2152) | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 153.8 (153,154.7) | 153.9 (153,154.9) | 153.7 (151,156.5) | 150.2 (145.4155) | 157.3 (150.1164.4) | 0.36 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 90 (89.4,90.1) | 90.2 (89.5,91) | 90.5 (88.1,92.8) | 85.1 (81,89.3) | 90.7 (84.9,96.4) | 0.11 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 46.2 (45.9,46.5) | 46.6 (46.2,46.9) | 47.2 (46.1,48.2) | 36.2 (35,37.5) | 38.9 (37.1,40.7) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 99.2 (99,99.3) | 97.8 (97.4,98.1) | 103.7 (102.3105) | 105 (102.7107.4) | 108 (104.5111.6) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 63.8 (63.7,64) | 62.8 (62.5,63.1) | 66.3 (65.2,67.3) | 70.5 (68.4,72.6) | 73.3 (70.5,76.1) | <0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 91.6 (91.3,92) | 91.4 (91.1,91.9) | 89.9 (88.8,90.9) | 100 (97.3102.8) | 95.3 (92.3,98.2) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WHtR: waist to height ratio; MHNO: Metabolic healthy non obese; MHO: Metabolic healthy obese; MNHNO: Metabolic non healthy non obese; MNHO: Metabolic non healthy obese
aMHNO: Without metabolic syndrome and 5th < BMI < 85th age sex specific percentile
bMHO: Without metabolic syndrome and BMI > 95th age sex specific percentile
cMNHNO: having metabolic syndrome and 5th < BMI < 85th age sex specific percentile
d MNHO: Having metabolic syndrome and BMI > 95th age sex specific percentile
*P ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant