Table 3.
Selected results from adjusted Logistic regression analyses of the presence of Metabolic Syndrome and metabolic components among adults with and without Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), using National Health and Nutrition Survey 2003–2014 data
| Variable | Metabolic syndrome a | High WC b | Hypoalphalipoproteinemia c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | p value | AOR | 95% CI | p value | AOR | 95% CI | p value | |
| CHB | |||||||||
| Yes vs. No | 0.52 | [0.29, 0.94] | 0.031 * | 0.32 | [0.21, 0.49] | < 0.001 *** | 0.48 | [0.25, 0.91] | 0.024 * |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female vs Male | 0.91 | [0.83, 1.01] | 0.065 | 2.38 | [2.21, 2.57] | < 0.001 *** | 1.17 | [1.07, 1.27] | < 0.001 *** |
| Age | |||||||||
| 30–39 vs. 18–29 | 1.94 | [1.62, 2.32] | < 0.001 *** | 1.65 | [1.45, 1.88] | < 0.001 *** | 0.96 | [0.84, 1.11] | 0.611 |
| 40–49 vs. 18–29 | 3.04 | [2.60, 3.56] | < 0.001 *** | 2.11 | [1.88, 2.38] | < 0.001 *** | 0.92 | [0.81, 1.05] | 0.206 |
| 50+ vs. 18–29 | 4.29 | [3.62, 5.09] | < 0.001 *** | 2.95 | [2.58, 3.37] | < 0.001 *** | 0.66 | [0.58, 0.76] | < 0.001 *** |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| African American vs. White | 0.83 | [0.74, 0.93] | 0.002 ** | 1.24 | [1.13, 1.37] | < 0.001 *** | 0.73 | [0.66, 0.80] | < 0.001 *** |
| Hispanic/other race vs. White | 0.82 | [0.72, 0.92] | < 0.001 *** | 0.80 | [0.71, 0.90] | < 0.001 *** | 1.07 | [0.97, 1.17] | 0.187 |
| Education | |||||||||
| More than high school vs. less than high school | 0.79 | [0.70, 0.90] | < 0.001 *** | 0.91 | [0.84, 1.00] | 0.042 | 0.85 | [0.75, 0.96] | 0.010 ** |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated vs. married | 0.84 | [0.84, 1.08] | 0.446 | 1.00 | [0.88, 1.13] | 0.959 | 0.88 | [0.80, 0.96] | 0.005 ** |
| Never married vs. married | 0.94 | [0.82, 1.08] | 0.375 | 0.87 | [0.80, 0.94] | < 0.001 *** | 0.81 | [0.73, 0.90] | < 0.001 *** |
| Income | |||||||||
| Middle/High income vs. low income | 0.85 | [0.78, 0.94] | 0.001 ** | 0.85 | [0.76, 0.94] | 0.001 ** | 0.79 | [0.72, 0.86] | < 0.001 *** |
| Access to care | |||||||||
| Yes vs. limited/no | 1.10 | [0.94, 1.30] | 0.242 | 1.19 | [1.07, 1.32] | < 0.001 *** | 0.97 | [0.88, 1.08] | 0.603 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| Moderate vs. mild/none | 0.69 | [0.61, 0.77] | < 0.001 *** | 0.74 | [0.66, 0.83] | < 0.001 *** | 0.63 | [0.57, 0.70] | < 0.001 *** |
| Heavy vs. mild/none | 0.74 | [0.65, 0.84] | < 0.001 *** | 0.92 | [0.82, 1.03] | 0.161 | 0.54 | [0.48, 0.60] | < 0.001 *** |
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Current smoker vs Never smoker | 1.05 | [0.94, 1.19] | 0.381 | 0.75 | [0.69, 0.82] | < 0.001 *** | 1.41 | [1.27, 1.57] | < 0.001 *** |
| Former smoker vs Never smoker | 1.09 | [0.98, 1.20] | 0.102 | 1.22 | [1.09, 1.36] | < 0.001 *** | 0.88 | [0.79, 1.00] | 0.039 * |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Vigorous/moderate vs None | 0.86 | [0.73, 1.03] | 0.092 | 0.76 | [0.68, 0.86] | < 0.001 *** | 0.85 | [0.74, 0.99] | 0.030 * |
| Diet quality | |||||||||
| Poor vs. good | 1.36 | [1.23, 1.49] | < 0.001 *** | 1.42 | [1.32, 1.53] | < 0.001 *** | 1.50 | [1.37, 1.64] | < 0.001 *** |
| Family history of CVD/DM | |||||||||
| Yes vs. No | 1.42 | [1.31, 1.55] | < 0.001 *** | 1.45 | [1.33, 1.59] | < 0.001 *** | 1.30 | [1.20, 1.42] | < 0.001 *** |
| Co-existing medical conditions | |||||||||
| Yes vs. No | 1.28 | [1.18, 1.38] | < 0.001 *** | 1.29 | [1.21, 1.37] | < 0.001 *** | 1.12 | [1.03, 1.21] | 0.005 ** |
| Elevated ALT | |||||||||
| Yes vs. No | 2.22 | [1.99, 2.48] | < 0.001 *** | 2.31 | [2.02, 2.64] | < 0.001 *** | 2.00 | [1.81, 2.21] | < 0.001 *** |
Based on individuals with ages 18 years and above who were alive during the observation year. Adults who had missing values for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen serology, who had hepatitis C or diabetes myelitis, and those who were pregnant during the survey period were excluded from the analyses. Only significant variables are presented. AOR: adjusted odds ratio from regression analyses; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval for OR from regression analyses
aThe regression on the presence of metabolic syndrome was performed among adults who had data for metabolic syndrome (N = 34,958)
bHigh WC represents high waist circumstance (> 35 in. for females or > 40 in. males); the regression analysis was done among adults who had data for WC measurements (N = 34,766)
cHypoalphalipoproteinemia represents low high-density-lipid cholesterol level (< 50 mg/dL for females or < 40 mg/dL for males); the regression analysis was done among adults who had data for HDL-C lab values (N = 36,172)
*p < 0.05; ** 0.05 < p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001