Table 3.
Association between CKD and metabolic risk factors
| Variables | Total (n %) | CKD | No CKD | x2 | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index | |||||||
| Underweight | 9(3.8) | 6(8.0) | 3(1.8) | 8.47 | 0.037 | 4.48(1.06–19.04) | 0.059 |
| Normal weight | 107(44.6) | 33(44.0) | 74(44.8) | 1.0# | |||
| Overweight | 80(33.3) | 19(25.3) | 61(37.0) | 0.69(0.36–1.34) | 0.324 | ||
| Obese | 44(18.3) | 17(22.7) | 27(16.4) | 1.41(0.67–2.93) | 0.446 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure | 5.1 | 0.017 | |||||
| Normal systolicBP | 132(54.8) | 33(44.0) | 99(59.6) | 1.0# | |||
| High systolicBP | 109(45.2) | 42(56.0) | 67(40.4) | 1.81(1.08–3.26) | 0.024 | ||
| Diastolic blood pressure | |||||||
| Normal diastolicBP | 177(74.1) | 53(72.6) | 124(74.7) | 0.11 | 0.43 | 1.0# | 0.74 |
| High diastolicBP | 62(25.9) | 20(27.4) | 42(25.3) | 1.11(0.59–2.08) | |||
| Fasting blood glucose | 1.83 | 0.11 | 0.18 | ||||
| Normal | 94(39.0) | 34(45.3) | 60(36.1) | 1.0# | |||
| High | 147(61.0) | 41(54.7) | 106(63.9) | 0.68 (0.39–1.18) | |||
| Glycated Haemoglobin | 5.6 | 0.014 | 0.017 | ||||
| Normal | 74(30.8) | 31(41.3) | 43(26.1) | 1.0# | |||
| High | 166(69.2) | 44(58.7) | 122(73.9) | 0.5(0.28–0.89) | |||
| Cholesterol | 1.05 | 0.19 | 0.307 | ||||
| Normal | 154(64.2) | 51(68.9) | 103(62.0) | 1.0# | |||
| High | 86(35.8) | 23(31.1) | 63(38.0) | 0.74(0.41–1.32) | |||
| Triglycerides | 6.46 | 0.01 | 0.011 | ||||
| Normal | 199(82.6) | 55(73.3) | 144(86.7) | 1.0# | |||
| High | 42(17.4) | 20(26.7) | 22(13.3) | 2.38(1.21–4.70) | |||
| HDL-c | 2.66 | 0.074 | 0.104 | ||||
| Normal | 189(78.4) | 54(72.0) | 135(81.3) | 1.0# | |||
| Low | 52(21.6) | 21(28.0) | 31(18.7) | 1.69(0.89–3.20) | |||
| Non-HDL-c | 0.29 | 0.345 | 0.592 | ||||
| Normal | 117(48.8) | 38(51.4) | 79(47.6) | 1.0# | |||
| High | 123(51.3) | 36(48.6) | 87(52.4) | 0.86(0.49–1.49) | |||
| LDL-c | 0.43 | 0.304 | |||||
| Normal | 106(44.2) | 35(47.3) | 71(42.8) | 1.0# | 0.516 | ||
| High | 134(55.8) | 39(52.7) | 95(57.2) | 0.83(0.48–1.44) | |||
aOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval. Multivariate regression model was adjusted for age and gender; #: reference. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are bold