Table 2.
Transcription Factors That Mediate LH Actions in Granulosa Cells of Ovulatory Follicles
| Transcription Factor | Transgenic Mouse Models | Pharmacological Inhibitors | Downstream Regulated Genes | Reproductive Phenotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGR | Pgr−/− (20, 35–39) | Adamts1 (20, 35), Ctsl (20), Edn2 (35, 38), Prkg2 (35), IL6 (35), Adam8 (36), Snap25 (37), Pparg (35), Hif1a (39), Epas1 [Hif2a (39)], Arnt [hif1b (39)] | Anovulation/infertility (40, 41) | |
| RU486 (19, 42–46), ZK98299 (47, 48), and CDB2914 (38) | Cxcr4 (42–44), Oxt (45), Pacap (48), Xlr5c-like (44), Runx1 (47), Fam110c (49), Edn2 (38), PTGS2 (19), PTGES (19), ABCC4 (19), AKR1C1 (19), AREG (19), EREG (19), FOS (46) | |||
| PPARγ | Ppargflox/flox × Pgrcre/+ (35) | Edn2 (35), IL6 (35), Prkg2 (35) | Reduced ovulation/subfertility (35) | |
| HIFs | Echinomycin (39) | Adamts1 (39), Edn2 (39), Vegfa (39), Cxcr4 (39) | Anovulation (39) | |
| C/EBPα and C/EBPβ | Cebpb−/− (50) | Ptgs2 (50), Cyp19a1 (50) | Infertility (50) | |
| Cebpa flox/flox × Cyp19a1cre (51) | Reduced ovulation/subfertility (51) | |||
| Cebpb flox/flox × Cyp19a1cre (51) | Reduced ovulation/subfertility (51) | |||
| Cebpa flox/flox × Cebpb flox/flox × Cyp19a1cre (51) | Has2 (51), Vcan (51), Runx2 (51), Abcb1b (51), Saa3 (51), Bhmt (51), Emcn (51), Apln (51), StAR (51), Cyp11a1 (51) | Anovulation/infertile (51) | ||
| The remaining genes are listed in Tables 1 and 2 of Ref. (95) | ||||
| RUNX1 and RUNX2 | Cbfbflox/flox × Cyp19cre (52) | End2 (52, 53), Ptgs1 (52, 53), Cxcr4 (52, 53), Sfrp4 (52, 53), Sgk1 (52, 53), Wnt4 (52, 53), Lhcgr (52, 53), Ptgfr (52, 53), Lipg (52, 53), Saa3 (52, 53), Prlr (52, 53), Ccrl2 (52, 53) The remaining genes are listed in figures 5 and 6 of Ref. (52) | Reduced ovulation/subfertility (52) | |
| Cbfbflox/flox × Esr2cre/+ (53) | ||||
| NR5A2 | Nr5a2flox/flox × Amhr2cre (54) | Ptgs2 (54), Cd44 (54), Tnfaip6 (54), C1qbp (54), Sult1e1 (54), Cyp19a1 (54), Nos3 (54), Scarb1 (54), Star (54), Cyp11a1 (54) | Anovulation/infertility (54) | |
| Nr5a2flox/flox × Cyp19a1cre (55) | Pgr (55), Adamts4 (55), Cyp19a1 (55), Scarb1 (55), Ldlr (55), Akr1c18 (55), Star(55) | Anovulation/infertility (55) | ||
| Nr5a2flox/flox × Pgrcre/+ (56) | StAR (56), Cyp11a1 (14), Hsd3b (56) | Infertility due to compromised endometrial decidualization (56) | ||
| NRIP1 | Nrip1−/− (57, 58) | Areg (58), Ptgs2 (58), Has2 (58), Vcan (58), Adamts1 (58), Tnfaip6 (58), Ptx3 (59), Ereg (59) | Infertile (57)/anovulation (58, 59) |
Abbreviations: C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.