Table 3.
Microfibril diameter from different sources of cellulose obtained through the use of different analytical characterization techniques.
| Source of cellulose | Microfibril diameter (nm) | Techniques∗ |
|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 5.8 ± 0.17 | AFM (Davies and Harris, 2003) |
| Celery collenchyma | 2.4–3.6 | NMR, SAXS, WAXS (Kennedy et al., 2007a) |
| 2.9–3.0 | SANS, WAXS (Thomas et al., 2013) | |
| 2.6–3.0 | SAXS (Kennedy et al., 2007b) | |
| Celery parenchyma | 6.0–25.0 | AFM (Thimm et al., 2000) |
| Cotton | 2.5-4.0 | TEM (Heyn, 1966) |
| 4.9–6.1 | TEM (Nieduszynski and Preston, 1970) | |
| 5.5 | SAXS (Heyn, 1955) | |
| Flax fiberes | 1.0–5.0 | SAXS (Astley and Donald, 2001) |
| 2.8 | SAXS (Heyn, 1955) | |
| Jute | 2.8 | TEM (Heyn, 1966) |
| 2.8 | SAXS (Heyn, 1955) | |
| Maize | 3.2 – 5.3 | AFM (Ding and Himmel, 2006) |
| 2.5 – 3.5 | WAXS, NMR (Rondeau-Mouro et al., 2003) | |
| Mung bean | 2.5 – 3.2 | WAXS, NMR (Newman et al., 2013) |
| Oak wood | 2.9 – 3.1 | WAXS, SAXS (Svedström et al., 2012) |
| Onion | 8.0 – 10.0 | NMR (Ha et al., 1998) |
| 4.4 ± 0.13 | AFM (Davies and Harris, 2003) | |
| Quince | 2.0 | NMR (Ha et al., 1998) |
| Ramie | 3.6 – 4.8 | TEM (Heyn, 1966) |
| 5.9 | TEM (Nieduszynski and Preston, 1970) | |
| 4.3 | SAXS (Heyn, 1955) | |
| Spruce wood | 2.5 | TEM, WAXS, SAXS (Jakob et al., 1995) |
| 2.9 | WAXS (Andersson et al., 2000) | |
| 3.1 – 3.2 | SANS, WAXS (Fernandes et al., 2011) | |
| 2.9 – 3.1 | WAXS (Peura et al., 2007) | |
| Sugi wood | 2.4 – 2.6 | SAXS (Suzuki and Kamiyama, 2004) |
| Tunicin | 3.4 – 7.6 | TEM (Nieduszynski and Preston, 1970) |
| Valonia ventricosa | 18.0 | TEM (Revol, 1982) |
| 10.0 – 20.0 | WAXS (Caulfield, 1971) | |
| 3.0 | WAXS, NMR, IR (Horikawa et al., 2009) | |
∗AFM, atomic force microscopy; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; SAXS, small angle X-ray scattering; SANS, small angle neutron scattering; WAXS, wide angle X-ray scattering (synonymous with XRD); TEM, transmission electron microscopy, IR, infrared spectroscopy.