Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants With Angiographically Defined Coronary Artery Disease Randomized to the Vegan Versus American Heart Association–Recommended Diet
| Vegan Diet (n=50) | American Heart Association–Recommended Diet (n=50) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 63.0 [57.0–68.0] | 59.5 [53.0–67.0] | 0.06 |
| Male sex | 86% (43) | 84% (42) | 0.99 |
| Race | 0.17 | ||
| White | 92% (46) | 80% (40) | |
| Black | 2% (1) | 12% (6) | |
| Asian | 6% (3) | 6% (3) | |
| Other | 0 | 2% (1) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 8% (4) | 10% (5) | 0.99 |
| Tobacco usea | 58% (29) | 50% (25) | 0.55 |
| Current tobacco use | 8% (4) | 2% (1) | 0.36 |
| Hypertension | 64% (32) | 62% (31) | 0.99 |
| Dyslipidemia | 78% (39) | 78% (39) | 0.99 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24% (12) | 36% (18) | 0.28 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 24% (12) | 38% (19) | 0.19 |
| Prior coronary revascularization | 90% (45) | 92% (46) | 0.99 |
| Congestive heart failure requiring diuretic treatment | 0 | 4% (2) | 0.50 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack | 0 | 2% (1) | 0.99 |
| Carotid artery diseaseb | 14% (7) | 18% (9) | 0.60 |
| Lower extremity artery diseasec | 2% (1) | 6% (3) | 0.62 |
| Chronic renal dysfunction | 0 | 4% (2) | 0.50 |
| Dialysis | 0 | 2% (1) | 0.99 |
| Aspirin | 92% (46) | 96% (48) | 0.68 |
| Any P2Y12 inhibitor | 86% (43) | 84% (42) | 0.99 |
| Statin | 94% (47) | 96% (48) | 0.99 |
| High‐dose statind | 58% (29) | 56% (28) | 0.99 |
| β‐Blocker | 66% (33) | 62% (31) | 0.84 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 20% (10) | 16% (8) | 0.80 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker | 56% (28) | 52% (26) | 0.84 |
| Long‐acting nitrate | 4% (2) | 4% (2) | 0.99 |
| Ranolazine | 2% (1) | 6% (3) | 0.62 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 0.31 | ||
| Normal or borderline | 94% (45) | 87% (39) | |
| Mildly/moderately reduced | 6% (3) | 13% (6) | |
| Severely reduced | 0 | 0 | |
| Number of vessels diseased on invasive coronary angiographye | 0.49 | ||
| 1 | 30% (15) | 38% (19) | |
| 2 | 38% (19) | 40% (20) | |
| 3 | 32% (16) | 22% (11) | |
| Number of vessels diseased on invasive coronary angiographyf | 0.69 | ||
| 0 | 6% (3) | 2% (1) | |
| 1 | 46% (23) | 52% (26) | |
| 2 | 30% (15) | 32% (16) | |
| 3 | 18% (9) | 14% (7) |
Continuous data are presented as median [interquartile range] and compared using the Mann–Whitney test. Categorical data are presented as proportion (frequency) and compared using Fisher's exact test or χ2 test.
Tobacco use was defined as ever smoked >100 cigarettes or 5 cigars or pipes in lifetime, and current tobacco use was defined as use within past 6 months.
Carotid disease was defined as ≥50% stenosis or qualitatively moderate or severe stenosis reported on carotid imaging or prior carotid artery revascularization.
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease was defined as ≥50% stenosis or qualitatively moderate or severe stenosis reported on lower extremity arterial imaging or prior lower extremity artery revascularization.
Atorvastatin 40 to 80 mg or rosuvastatin 20 to 40 mg.
Defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis by visual estimate, physiologically significant lesion as assessed by pressure gradient, or prior revascularization.
Defined as ≥70% diameter stenosis by visual estimate, physiologically significant by pressure gradient, or prior revascularization.