Table 1.
Variables | NWH (n=982) | MHO (n=232) | MUO (n=905) | P Values | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P 1 | P 2 | ||||||
MHO vs NWH | MUO vs NWH | MHO vs MUO | |||||
Unadjusted | |||||||
Male, % | 42.1 | 59.9 | 65.1 | <0.001a | ··· | ··· | ··· |
Age, y, mean±SD | 12.1±3.2 | 10.8±2.9 | 11.9±2.8 | <0.001a | <0.001a | 0.133 | <0.001a |
Pubertal stage, % | <0.001a | ··· | ··· | ··· | |||
1 | 34.4 | 56.9 | 36.2 | ··· | ··· | ··· | |
2 | 14.8 | 11.6 | 17.7 | ··· | ··· | ··· | |
3 | 17.9 | 12.5 | 15.9 | ··· | ··· | ··· | |
4 | 26.9 | 8.6 | 19.0 | ··· | ··· | ··· | |
5 | 6.0 | 10.3 | 11.1 | ··· | ··· | ··· | |
Residence, urban (%) | 74.8 | 72.0 | 61.2 | <0.001a | ··· | ··· | ··· |
Diet score, mean±SD | 36.2±4.8 | 36.2±5.0 | 35.9±4.7 | 0.292 | 0.969 | 0.138 | 0.333 |
MVPA, % | 62.3 | 60.1 | 52.1 | <0.001a | ··· | ··· | ··· |
Adjusted (mean±SEM)b | |||||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 17.4±0.1 | 25.3±0.2 | 26.8±0.1 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
BMI, z score | −0.28±0.02 | 1.89±0.04 | 2.00±0.02 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | 0.018a |
Waist circumference, cm | 61.5±0.2 | 79.7±0.4 | 84.3±0.2 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
FAT% | 16.9±0.2 | 30.0±0.4 | 31.8±0.2 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
SBP, mm Hg | 98±0.3 | 105±0.7 | 116±0.3 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
DBP, mm Hg | 61±0.3 | 67±0.5 | 73±0.3 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.06±0.03 | 3.93±0.05 | 4.17±0.03 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 0.71±0.02 | 0.86±0.03 | 1.31±0.02 | <0.001a | 0.022a | 0.003a | <0.001a |
LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.42±0.02 | 2.48±0.05 | 2.70±0.02 | <0.001a | 0.296 | <0.001a | <0.001a |
HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.59±0.01 | 1.38±0.02 | 1.25±0.01 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
FBG, mmol/L | 4.9±0.02 | 4.9±0.03 | 5.2±0.02 | <0.001a | 0.169 | <0.001a | <0.001a |
Fasting insulin, mU/Lc | 1.46±0.02 | 2.06±0.04 | 2.62±0.02 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
HOMA‐IRc | −0.07±0.02 | 0.54±0.04 | 1.15±0.02 | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a | <0.001a |
ANOVA (continuous variables) and the χ2 test (categorical variables) were used in unadjusted analysis, and data were expressed as percentage or mean±SD. GLM was used in adjusted analysis, and data were expressed as mean±SEM. P 1 values were for ANOVA or χ2 test of difference in variables including age, sex, pubertal stages, residence, diet score, and physical activity or for GLM of other variables adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stages, residence, diet score, and physical activity. P 2 was from a post hoc analysis between MHO and NWH, MUO and NWH, and MUO and MHO groups. BMI indicates body mass index; FAT%, percentage of body fat; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GLM, general linear model; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUO, metabolically unhealthy obese; MVPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity; NWH, normal‐weight healthy; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
P<0.05.
Adjusted for age, sex, pubertal stages, residence, diet score, and physical activity.
Skewed distributions were natural logarithmically transformed.