Table 4.

EAT and Chamber Geometry

Author	Modality	Subgroup	LV‐EDD	LA Size (Diameter/Volume)	LVEDMI	LV‐EDVI	LV‐ESVI	LVRI	Comment
Bukkam8	CT				0.42a , b				On multivariable regression adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CACS and BMI, EAT was not a significant predictor of LV mass in obese patients, but only in nonobese patients (β=0.23, P<0.001)
Cavalcante9	Echocardiography				0.41a				Measure not included in multivariate analysis
Al Chekakie7	CT and echocardiography			0.25/0.24
Doesch11	MRI	EF <50% (n=44) EF >50% (n=114) Combined (n=158)	0.076 0.011 0.272a		0.336a 0.305a 0.019	0.201a 0.043 0.16a	0.089 0.056 0.262a	0.137 0.202 0.344a	On multivariable regression including LVEF, BMI, NYHA classes I and III, atrial fibrillation, LV‐EDVI, LV‐ESVI, LV‐EFF, LVRI, and LGE%, best correlates to indexed EAT were LVEF, BMI, LV‐ESVI (HR, 0.48; P<0.01), and LV‐EDD (HR, −0.238; P=0.01). In subgroup analysis by EF <50% or >50%, full model not described; however, no association with LVEDMI in LVEF >50% but association seen in LVEF >50% (HR, 0.105; P=0.01)
Doesch12	MRI	Control (n=48) DCM (n=112)	0.01 0.22a		0.346a 0.417a	0.007 0.251a	0.0001 0.239a	0.204 0.116	Increased EAT mass with increasing LVEDMI in DCM, but less values than healthy control group. Greater mass seen in DCM with hypertrophy vs nonhypertrophy (31.7±5.6 vs 24.4±7.1 g/m2; P=0.01). On multivariable regression only, LVEDMI independently correlated with indexed EAT, as was seen in healthy controls (adjusted for age and BMI [value not reported]).
Doesch10	MRI	Control CHF	NR 0.42a		0.36a 0.59a				Increased EAT mass in CHF with increasing LVEDMI; however, higher levels of EAT in controls compared with CHF (34±4 vs 22±5 g/m2; P<0.01). On multivariate regression adjusted for LVEF, LV‐EDD, RVEF, and LVEDMI, only LVEDMI independently associated with indexed EAT (P=0.0001)
Fox17	MRI	Women Men		0.28a 0.37a	0.35a , c 0.19a , c	0.2a , c 0.07c			On multivariable regression adjusted for age, height, smoking, alcohol, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, blood pressure, hypertension therapy, and weight, only in women, LVM (adjusted regression coefficient, 1.66; P=0.01), and in men, LA diameter (adjusted regression coefficient, 0.8; P=0.002) were independent predictors of pericardial fat volume
Hachiya18	Echocardiography				0.28a				Measure not included in multivariate analysis
Konishi20	Echocardiography			0.32a	0.23a				Measure not included in multivariate analysis
Liu22	Echocardiography	Women Men		0.3a 0.11	0.24a , c 0.21a , c				On multivariable regression adjusted for age, height, smoking, alcohol, blood pressure, eGFR, hemoglobin, total physical activity score, medications, VAT, and weight, only in women, LVM (adjusted regression coefficient, 4.1±1.8; P=0.03) and LA diameter (adjusted regression coefficient, 0.4±0.2; P=0.03) were independent predictors of pericardial fat volume
Ng24	Echocardiography					−0.09	0.08
Ruberg3	MRI					Not
Vanni25, d	MRI	Cases					0.46a , e		Inversely correlated with EF No other analysis specified
Yamashita28, d	CT			0.25a

Values are mean±SD or r value correlation coefficients, unless otherwise stated. BMI indicates body mass index; CACS, coronary artery calcium score; CHF, congestive heart failure; CT, computed tomography; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; LA, left atrial; LGE%, percentage of late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricular; LV‐EDVI, LV end‐diastolic volume index; LV‐EDD, LV end‐diastolic diameter; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVEDMI, LV end‐diastolic mass index; LV‐EDVI, LV end‐diastolic volume index; LV‐ESVI, LV end‐systolic volume index; LVRI, LV remodeling index; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RVEF, right ventricular EF; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.

^a P < 0.05.

^bValue is for LV mass on CT, nonindexed and time in cardiac cycle not specified.

^cRepresents a nonindexed measure.

^dStudy is a conference abstract.

^eValue is for end‐systolic LV diameter.