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. 2018 Nov 21;7(23):e009972. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009972

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© 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Alternans can affect the repolarization and/or amplitude of action potentials. Monophasic action potentials with: A, Repolarization alternans. B, Amplitude and repolarization alternans. C, Proportion of in vivo traces showing amplitude alternans at the slowest and fastest stimulation rates generating alternans. Transmembrane action potentials with (D) repolarization alternans, (E) (i) amplitude and repolarization alternans (ii) 2:1 refractoriness. F, Proportion of cellular traces showing amplitude alternans at the slowest and fastest stimulation rates generating alternans. *P<0.05.