Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Male Participants, and Mean Differences and ORs in CVD Risk Factors According to Subgroups Estimated by Joint Latent Class Mixed Models in the Suita Study
| Subgroups (Classes) | First | Second | Third | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 101 (3.2) | 2766 (88.7) | 253 (8.1) | 3120 (100) |
| Baseline continuous variables, mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at baseline, y | 54.51 (10.87) | 55.84 (13.43) | 53.49 (11.37) | 55.60 (13.21) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.27 (3.01) | 22.74 (2.83) | 23.59 (3.00) | 22.83 (2.86) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 129.77 (18.82) | 127.92 (21.02) | 127.76 (19.19) | 127.97 (20.81) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 81.17 (10.18) | 79.56 (12.05) | 79.74 (12.65) | 79.63 (12.04) |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 156.49 (32.57) | 150.72 (35.00) | 152.32 (36.16) | 151.04 (35.03) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 143.59 (41.57) | 97.75 (12.70) | 118.04 (29.43) | 100.88 (18.97) |
| Baseline categorical variables, n (%) | ||||
| Medication use for diabetes mellitus | 5 (5.0) | 60 (2.2) | 7 (2.8) | 72 (2.3) |
| Medication use for hypertension | 13 (12.9) | 320 (11.6) | 25 (9.9) | 358 (11.5) |
| Medication use for dyslipidemia | 2 (2.0) | 31 (1.1) | 3 (1.2) | 36 (1.2) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 13 (12.9) | 542 (19.6) | 45 (17.8) | 600 (19.2) |
| Past | 33 (32.7) | 860 (31.1) | 60 (23.7) | 953 (30.5) |
| Current | 55 (54.5) | 1364 (49.3) | 148 (58.5) | 1567 (50.2) |
| Alcohol drinking status | ||||
| Never | 10 (9.9) | 608 (22.0) | 55 (21.7) | 673 (21.6) |
| Past | 3 (3.0) | 93 (3.4) | 10 (4.0) | 106 (3.4) |
| Current | 88 (87.1) | 2065 (74.7) | 188 (74.3) | 2341 (75.0) |
| Mean differences (95% CIs) in baseline CVD risk factors compared with the second subgroup (ie, the major subgroup)a | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.29 (−0.24, 0.81) | Ref. | 0.75 (0.41, 1.1) | ··· |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 1.30 (−2.18, 4.78) | Ref. | 0.75 (−1.51, 3.01) | ··· |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 4.96 (−1.71, 11.62) | Ref. | −1.18 (−5.51, 3.15) | ··· |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 43.88 (41.1, 46.66) | Ref. | 19.71 (17.9, 21.51) | ··· |
| ORs (95% CIs) for smoking and alcohol drinking compared with the second subgroup (ie, the major subgroup)b | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Past (vs never) | 1.6 (0.83, 3.1) | Ref. | 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) | ··· |
| Current (vs never) | 1.7 (0.92, 3.16) | Ref. | 1.44 (1.01, 2.05) | ··· |
| Alcohol drinking status | ||||
| Past (vs never) | 1.83 (0.49, 6.88) | Ref. | 1.36 (0.66, 2.79) | ··· |
| Current | 2.4 (1.23, 4.67) | Ref. | 0.91 (0.66, 1.26) | ··· |
CVD, cardiovascular diseases; non‐HDL cholesterol, non‐high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio.
Mean differences were adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non‐HDL cholesterol, smoking status, alcohol drinking, and medication uses for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia by multiple regression analyses.
ORs were adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non‐HDL cholesterol, smoking status, alcohol drinking, and medication uses for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia by multinomial logistic regression analyses.