Table 3.
Descriptive Statistics of Differences in Continuous CVD Risk Factors Between the First and Last Assessments With Mean Differences, and Descriptive Statistics of Categorical CVD Risk Factors at the Last Assessment With ORs According to Subgroups Estimated by Joint Latent Class Mixed Models in Men of the Suita Study
| Subgroups (Classes) | First | Second | Third | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%)a | 89 (3.5) | 2248 (88.5) | 203 (8.0) | 2540 (100) |
| Differences between the first and last assessments of each participant, mean (SD) | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | −0.85 (1.98) | 0.03 (1.90) | 0.05 (2.15) | 0.00 (1.93) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 1.86 (19.65) | 2.78 (19.90) | 5.51 (21.67) | 2.97 (20.05) |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | −18.51 (31.81) | −9.99 (32.42) | −6.40 (42.09) | −10.00 (33.31) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | −0.34 (61.77) | 4.02 (14.18) | 35.73 (41.62) | 6.40 (22.88) |
| Categorical variables at the last assessment, n (%) | ||||
| Treatment for diabetes mellitus | 46 (51.7) | 105 (4.7) | 69 (34.0) | 220 (8.7) |
| Treatment for hypertension | 32 (36.0) | 697 (31.0) | 67 (33.0) | 796 (31.3) |
| Treatment for dyslipidemia | 15 (16.9) | 233 (10.4) | 30 (14.8) | 278 (10.9) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 14 (15.7) | 547 (24.4) | 36 (17.7) | 597 (23.5) |
| Past | 47 (52.8) | 1027 (45.7) | 100 (49.3) | 1174 (46.3) |
| Current | 28 (31.5) | 672 (29.9) | 67 (33.0) | 767 (30.2) |
| Alcohol drinking habit | ||||
| Never | 18 (20.2) | 706 (31.4) | 62 (30.5) | 786 (31.0) |
| Past | 8 (9.0) | 153 (6.8) | 10 (4.9) | 171 (6.7) |
| Current | 63 (70.8) | 1387 (61.8) | 131 (64.5) | 1581 (62.3) |
| Mean differences (95% CIs) in the differences in the CVD risk factors between the first and last assessments compared with the second subgroup (ie, the major subgroup)b | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | −0.81 (−1.20, −0.42) | Ref. | −0.03 (−0.30, 0.23) | ··· |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 0.40 (−3.24, 4.05) | Ref. | 2.57 (0.08, 5.07) | ··· |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | −6.46 (−12.44, −0.48) | Ref. | 5.15 (1.06, 9.24) | ··· |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | −4.71 (−9.14, −0.28) | Ref. | 29.77 (26.74, 32.80) | ··· |
| ORs (95% CIs) for smoking and alcohol drinking at the last assessment compared with the second subgroup (ie, the major subgroup)c | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Past (vs never) | 1.33 (0.59, 3.00) | Ref. | 1.44 (0.79, 2.62) | ··· |
| Current (vs never) | 1.07 (0.40, 2.81) | Ref. | 1.08 (0.54, 2.15) | ··· |
| Alcohol drinking habit | ||||
| Past (vs never) | 1.53 (0.60, 3.88) | Ref. | 0.90 (0.42, 1.93) | ··· |
| Current | 1.23 (0.62, 2.44) | Ref. | 1.13 (0.71, 1.82) | ··· |
CVD indicates cardiovascular diseases; non‐HDL cholesterol, non‐high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio.
Of the 3120 men, 580 did not have values of those variables at >1 point in time (ie, they had those values at baseline only and dates of CVD onset).
Mean differences were adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non‐HDL cholesterol, smoking status, alcohol drinking, and treatment for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia by multiple regression analyses.
ORs were adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non‐HDL cholesterol, smoking status, alcohol drinking, and treatment for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia by multinomial logistic regression analyses.