Table 2.
Baseline Echocardiographic Characteristics of the Study Population
| Echocardiography Findings | Overall (N=839) | Mild AS (n=185) | Moderate AS (n=355) | Severe Asymptomatic AS (n=233) | Severe Symptomatic AS (n=66) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVA | 1.2±0.42 | 1.8±0.30 | 1.3±0.14 | 0.82±0.15 | 0.79±0.16 | <0.001 |
| Peak aortic jet velocity, m/s | 3.0±0.82 | 2.4±0.36 | 2.7±0.47 | 3.7±0.76 | 3.9±0.78 | <0.001 |
| Mean gradient, mm Hg | 21.7±13.6 | 11.8±3.7 | 16.7±6.7 | 32.6±13.8 | 37.0±17.5 | <0.001 |
| RVSP, mm Hg | 36.4±11.7 | 36.2±12.3 | 35.4±11.8 | 37.4±10.5 | 38.6±13.3 | 0.125 |
| <35 mm Hg | 373 (51.4) | 81 (51.3) | 181 (57.6) | 89 (44.9) | 22 (40.0) | |
| 35–44 mm Hg | 221 (30.5) | 47 (29.7) | 83 (26.4) | 68 (34.3) | 23 (41.8) | |
| 45–59 mm Hg | 96 (13.2) | 24 (15.2) | 36 (11.5) | 32 (16.2) | 4 (7.3) | |
| ≥60 mm Hg | 35 (4.8) | 6 (3.8) | 14 (4.5) | 9 (4.5) | 6 (10.9) | |
| Indexed LVEDD, cm/m2 | 2.3±0.34 | 2.3±0.35 | 2.3±0.34 | 2.3±0.33 | 2.3±0.33 | 0.757 |
| Indexed LVESD, cm/m2 | 1.4±0.33 | 1.4±0.33 | 1.4±0.32 | 1.4±0.34 | 1.5±0.33 | 0.554 |
| Indexed LA dimension, cm/m2 | 2.2±0.41 | 2.2±0.42 | 2.2±0.39 | 2.3±0.42 | 2.3±0.42 | 0.006 |
| Indexed LV mass, mg/m2 | 112.0±32.6 | 112.4±39.0 | 108.2±29.3 | 114.8±32.6 | 121.1±27.7 | 0.015 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.58±0.15 | 0.56±0.15 | 0.57±0.13 | 0.60±0.15 | 0.63±0.19 | 0.001 |
| LVOT diameter, cm | 2.0±0.13 | 2.1±0.14 | 2.0±0.13 | 2.0±0.11 | 2.0±0.12 | <0.001 |
| LVOT velocity, m/s | 0.80±3.6 | 1.1±5.5 | 0.81±3.9 | 0.60±0.38 | 0.60±0.24 | 0.552 |
| LVEF, % | 59.0±5.4 | 59.8±5.6 | 58.6±5.3 | 58.9±5.3 | 59.1±6.4 | 0.113 |
| LV diastolic function | 0.144 | |||||
| Normal | 52 (7.9) | 21 (14.1) | 18 (6.6) | 9 (4.7) | 4 (8.2) | |
| Stage 1 | 517 (78.2) | 109 (73.2) | 215 (78.8) | 152 (80.0) | 41 (83.7) | |
| Stage 2 | 87 (13.2) | 18 (12.1) | 37 (13.6) | 28 (14.7) | 4 (8.2) | |
| Stage 3 | 5 (0.76) | 1 (0.67) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.53) | 0 (0.0) |
Summary statistics are mean±SD or n (%). Continuous variables were compared using ANOVA, and categorical variables were compared using the Pearson χ2 test. AS indicates aortic stenosis; AVA, aortic valve area; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure.