Quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression of (A) IL‐6, (B) IL‐15, (C) TNF‐α, (D) NF‐κB, (E) CRP, (F) E‐selectin (CD26E), (G) P‐selectin (CD26P), (H) ICAM‐1. I, Western blot analysis showing expression of MCP‐1. Representative Western blot was shown on the right and quantification on the left. Data were obtained from 3‐month‐old mouse hearts (n=6 mice/group) that were born to preconception FA or PM
2.5 exposed parents and expressed as mean±SEM. CRP indicates C‐reactive protein; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL‐6, interleukin 6; IL‐15, interleukin 15; MCP‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1; NF‐κB, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells; PC FA, preconception filtered air; PC PM2.5, preconception particulate matter (<2.5 μm in diameter); TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs PC FA controls.