Table 4.
Association Between Baseline Lung Function (Mean Age 25 y, Range 18–30 y) and CIMT and CAC Measured 20 and 25 y Later, Respectively
| FEV1, % Predicted | FVC, % Predicted | FEV1/FVC, % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | P Value | Beta | P Value | Beta | P Value | |
| CIMT (year 20) | ||||||
| Common carotid, mm | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.23 | 0.006 | <0.001 |
| Internal carotid, mm | 0.001 | 0.83 | −0.001 | 0.81 | 0.002 | 0.49 |
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAC (year 25) | ||||||
| CAC >0 AU | 1.02 | 0.95–1.10 | 1.07 | 0.99–1.16 | 0.94 | 0.88–1.02 |
| CAC >100 AU | 0.99 | 0.89–1.11 | 1.01 | 0.90–1.13 | 0.99 | 0.90–1.10 |
For carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT), beta coefficients reflect the covariate‐adjusted difference in CIMT per −10 units of the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) or −5 units of FEV1/FVC. For coronary artery calcium (CAC), the association is similarly expressed as an adjusted odds ratio (OR) per −10 units in the FEV1 or FVC and −5 units in FEV1/FVC. Covariates: race‐sex group, maximum educational attainment, baseline age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus (defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or use of diabetic medication), systolic blood pressure, use of an antihypertensive, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smoking status. AU indicates Agatston units.