Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| All (N=465) | Alive (n=410) | Dead (n=55) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at the beginning of study, y | 37±14 | 35±13 | 47±15 | <0.001 |
| Men, No. (%) | 223 (48) | 186 (45) | 37 (67) | 0.004 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27±6 | 27±6 | 28±6 | 0.168 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.9±0.3 | 1.8±0.2 | 1.9±0.2 | 0.475 |
| Age at TOF repair, y | 5 (3–10) | 5 (2–8) | 14 (5–34) | <0.001 |
| Prior palliative shunt, No. (%) | 181 (39) | 148 (37) | 33 (60) | 0.004 |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 118 (25) | 82 (20) | 36 (55) | <0.001 |
| Atrial flutter/tachycardia | 100 (22) | 79 (19) | 21 (38) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 125 (27) | 102 (25) | 23 (42) | 0.004 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 193 (42) | 162 (40) | 31 (56) | 0.060 |
| Coronary artery disease | 57 (12) | 38 (9) | 19 (35) | 0.011 |
| Current or prior smoker | 93 (20) | 77 (18) | 18 (32) | 0.064 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 72 (16) | 59 (15) | 13 (23) | 0.117 |
| Sleep apnea | 130 (28) | 109 (27) | 21 (38) | 0.155 |
| Prior stroke | 41 (9) | 33 (8) | 8 (15) | 0.943 |
| NYHA class III/IV | 73 (16) | 59 (15) | 14 (25) | 0.002 |
| Down syndrome | 9 (2) | 8 (2.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0.914 |
| 22q11 deletion | 7 (1.5) | 6 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0.943 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.1±2.5 | 14.0±2.6 | 13.4±2.1 | 0.018 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0±0.3 | 0.9±0.2 | 1.3±0.5 | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 255 (123–720) | 223 (112–813) | 313 (146–481) | 0.348 |
| Medications, No. (%) | ||||
| Diuretics | 84 (18) | 63 (15) | 21 (38) | <0.001 |
| β‐Blockers | 106 (23) | 76 (19) | 30 (54) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 59 (13) | 39 (10) | 20 (36) | <0.001 |
| RAAS antagonist | 87 (19) | 68 (17) | 19 (34) | 0.002 |
| Warfarin | 41 (9) | 29 (7) | 12 (21) | 0.001 |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.7) | 0.330 |
| Aspirin | 116 (25) | 97 (24) | 19 (33) | 0.118 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated. NT‐proBNP indicates N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RAAS, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot.