Table 2.
Hemodynamic Data
| Echocardiography | All (N=465) | Alive (n=410) | Dead (n=55) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥Moderate RV enlargement, No. (%)* | 318 (68) | 278 (68) | 40 (72) | 0.887 |
| ≥Moderate RV systolic dysfunction, No. (%)* | 137 (30) | 113 (28) | 24 (43) | 0.025 |
| ≥Moderate tricuspid regurgitation, No. (%)* | 92 (20) | 75 (18) | 17 (31) | 0.042 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, m/s | 3.1±0.7 | 3.1±0.7 | 3.2±0.8 | 0.786 |
| Pulmonary valve peak velocity, m/s | 2.5±0.9 | 2.5±0.9 | 2.5±1.0 | 0.218 |
| TAPSE, cm | 18±4 | 18±4 | 18±3 | 0.793 |
| FAC, % | 40±10 | 39±6 | 33±11 | 0.048 |
| RV S′, cm/s | 10±2 | 11±8 | 9±3 | 0.210 |
| Medial E/e′ | 10±4 | 10±3 | 10±4 | 0.788 |
| Lateral E/e′ | 7±3 | 10±3 | 10±4 | 0.788 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 58±8 | 58±8 | 54±10 | 0.020 |
| Moderate LV dysfunction (<40%), No. (%) | 62 (13) | 50 (12) | 12 (22) | 0.031 |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (n=157) | ||||
| RVEDV index, mL/m2 | 140±48 | 142±47 | 150±78 | 0.808 |
| RVESV index, mL/m2 | 80±37 | 81±37 | 89±49 | 0.693 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 44±10 | 44±10 | 36±10 | 0.101 |
| Catheterization (n=148) | ||||
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg | 11±6 | 10±5 | 16±7 | <0.001 |
| RVEDP, mm Hg | 14±5 | 13±5 | 19±7 | 0.004 |
| Mean PA pressure, mm Hg | 24±9 | 23±8 | 30±11 | 0.005 |
| LVEDP, mm Hg | 16±5 | 15±5 | 21±7 | 0.003 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 88±13 | 89±13 | 83±14 | 0.103 |
| Cardiac index, L/min×m2 | 2.3±0.6 | 2.3±0.7 | 2.1±0.4 | 0.072 |
| PVR index (WU×m2) | 4.5±3.0 | 4.3±3.1 | 5.3±2.4 | 0.129 |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise test (n=177) | ||||
| Peak VO2, mL/kg per min | 22±7 | 22±7 | 22±8 | 0.995 |
| Peak VO2, % predicted | 63±17 | 63±16 | 64±23 | 0.956 |
| VE/VCO2 nadir | 28±4 | 28±4 | 30±4 | 0.377 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD unless otherwise indicated.
FAC indicates fractional area change; LV, left ventricular; LVEDP, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure; PA, pulmonary artery; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RV, right ventricular; RVEDP, right ventricular end‐diastolic pressure; RVEDV, right ventricular end‐diastolic volume; RVESV, right ventricular end‐systolic volume; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; VO2, oxygen consumption; WU×m2, Wood units times meters squared.
*Quantitative assessment.