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. 2019 Mar 1;10:115. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00115

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Copyright © 2019 Castiglioni and Faini.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multifractal fluctuation functions of heart-rate variability during Wake and Sleep with maximally overlapped blocks. The original series are two 4-h segments of beat-by-beat R-R intervals from a 24-h ECG recording in a healthy volunteer. The first horizontal axis is the box size n, in number of beats; the second horizontal axis is the temporal scale τ, in seconds, obtained multiplying n by the mean R-R interval, which is shorter in Wake than in Sleep. Thresholds Th₁ and Th₂ as in Equations (19) and EPS = 0.