Table 3.

Cox Regression Models for the Association Between Incident Cardiovascular Events and FD, Food Access, and Area Income

	MI	P Value	Death/MI	P Value
	sHR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)
Univariate
FD	1.46 (1.08–1.96)	0.013a	1.22 (1.05–1.43)	0.011a
Poor food access	0.96 (0.74–1.24)	0.75	0.95 (0.84–1.08)	0.46
Low area income	1.54 (1.19–2.00)	0.001a	1.29 (1.13–1.46)	<0.001a
Multivariate model 1
FD	1.44 (1.06–1.95)	0.020a	1.16 (0.99–1.37)	0.068
Poor food access	1.00 (0.77–1.31)	0.98	0.97 (0.85–1.11)	0.67
Low area income	1.39 (1.06–1.83)	0.019a	1.18 (1.03–1.35)	0.020a
Multivariate model 2
Poor food access	1.05 (0.80–1.38)	0.71	0.99 (0.87–1.14)	0.91
Low area income	1.40 (1.06–1.85)	0.018a	1.18 (1.02–1.35)	0.023a

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, smoking history, heart failure, prior coronary revascularization, history of coronary artery disease, use of cardiovascular medications, previous MI, and education level. Model 2: poor food access and low area income were simultaneously treated as separate exposure variables with the same covariate adjustment for Model 1. FD indicates food desert; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio.

^aDenotes a statistically significant P‐value.