Table 2.
Hormonal and Metabolic Features of β1‐AA–Negative Group and β1‐AA–Positive Group
| Variable | β1‐AA–Negative Group | β1‐AA–Positive Group | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex ratio (women/men) | 23:22 | 49:37 | |
| Age, y | 55.46±11.40 | 55.27±11.78 | 0.202 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 7.72±2.43 | 7.49±2.55 | 0.05 |
| HbA1C, % | 7.72±1.55 | 6.84±1.24 | <0.05 |
| TCH, mmol/L | 3.96±1.06 | 4.10±0.59 | 0.8 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.61±1.17 | 1.61±0.91 | 0.54 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.20±0.76 | 2.33±1.36 | 0.67 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.02±0.26 | 0.98±0.19 | 0.64 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 1.87±1.36 | 3.25±3.02 | <0.01 |
| AST, U/L | 23.55±12.80 | 30.77±13.01 | 0.08 |
| BNP, μg/L* | 140.30±101.51 (13/45) | 182.42±59.30 (9/86) | 0.3 |
| CK, U/L | 100.56±73.80 | 122.4±64.3 | 0.2 |
| Whole blood MYO, ng/mL* | 342.2±96.29 (11/45) | 482.78±249.86 (8/86) | 0.41 |
| Whole blood troponin I, μg/L | 0.25±0.18 (5/45) | 0.15±0.11 (7/86) | 0.2 |
| CKMB, μg/L* | 6.6±2.31 (5/45) | 8.85±4.62 (11/86) | 0.44 |
| LDH, U/L | 212.95±130.10 | 217.36±91.42 | 0.33 |
| MMB, ng/mL | 1.51±0.65 | 2.31±2.28 | 0.13 |
| TNI, ng/mL* | 0.13±0.11 (12/45) | 0.34±0.36 (12/86) | 0.26 |
| β1‐AA (OD valves) | 0.45 (0.32–0.58) | 1.13 (0.81–1.54) | <0.001 |
| CTRP9, ng/mL† | 2.06 (1.60–2.43) | 1.60 (0.86–2.30) | <0.01 |
Data are given as mean±SD unless otherwise indicated. β1‐AA indicates autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of β1‐adrenergic receptor; AST indicates aspartate aminotransferase; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, CK isoenzyme MB; CTRP9, C1q tumor necrosis factor‐related protein 9; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein; OD, optical density; TCH, total cholesterol; TNI, troponin I.*Data in parenthesis are number/total.†Data are given as median (interquartile range).