Table 1.
Variable | Normotensive (n=73) | GDM (n=21) | Late‐Onset PE (n=29) | Early Onset PE (n=14) | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y, mean±SD | 29.8±4.5 | 30.3±4.2 | 28.9±4.8 | 29.6±5.7 | 0.740 |
Race (% white) | 66 (93.0) | 20 (95.2) | 26 (92.9) | 14 (100.0) | 0.763 |
Gravidity, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–1) | 0.589 |
Parity, n (%) | |||||
0 | 43 (58.9) | 11 (52.4) | 19 (65.5) | 7 (50.0) | 0.722 |
≥1 | 30 (41.1) | 10 (47.6) | 10 (34.5) | 7 (50.0) | |
At GlycoCheck test | |||||
Gestational age, wk, median (IQR) | 39 (35–41)a | 39 (37–39) | 38 (37–39) | 31 (30–33) | <0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean±SD | 111±12 | 118±17 | 141±13 | 141±13 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean±SD | 67±9 | 73±14 | 83±11 | 88±13 | <0.001 |
Proteinuria, median (IQR)b | NA | NA | 710 (460–1530) | 660 (544–1543) | |
At delivery | |||||
Gestational age, wk, median (IQR) | 41 (40–41) | 39 (38–40) | 38 (37–39) | 33 (31–34) | <0.001 |
Preeclampsia with severe features, n (%) | NA | NA | 18 (62) | 11 (100) | <0.001 |
Superimposed preeclampsia, n (%) | NA | NA | 5 (17.2) | 3 (21.4) | 0.741 |
Delivery type | |||||
Vaginal, n (%) | 61 (83.6) | 18 (85.7) | 18 (62.1) | 5 (35.7) | <0.001 |
Cesarean section, n (%) | 12 (16.4) | 3 (14.3) | 11 (37.9) | 5 (64.3) | |
Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean±SD | 121±10 | 125±12 | 145±17 | 147±15 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean±SD | 76±9 | 77±12 | 93±8 | 84±12 | <0.001 |
Fetal sex, n (% male) | 42 (57.5) | 10 (47.6) | 13 (44.8) | 5 (35.7) | 0.377 |
Birth weight, g, mean±SD | 3643±474 | 3281±519 | 3083±618 | 1699±809 | <0.001 |
Apgar, 1 min, median (IQR) | 8 (8–9) | 9 (8–9) | 7 (7–8) | 6 (4–7) | <0.001 |
Apgar, 5 min, median (IQR) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (8–9) | 8 (8–9) | <0.001 |
Normally distributed numerical data (mean±SD) were analyzed with 1‐way ANOVA and the least significant differences post hoc test. Numerical data that are not normally distributed (median [IQR]) were analyzed with a Kruskal–Wallis test and a Mann–Whitney post hoc test. Categorical data (n [%]) were analyzed with a χ2 test. BP indicates blood pressure; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not assessed; PE, preeclampsia.
Seventeen women completed glycocalyx testing between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation.
Twenty‐four–hour proteinuria was measured (early, n=8; late, n=9), or estimated from the protein creatinine ratio (early, n=5; late, n=20) or the protein osmolality ratio (early, n=1).