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. 2019 Mar 1;13:40. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00040

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Copyright © 2019 Peña, Nestler and Bagot.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Timeline of early life manipulation models and behavioral testing: Mice were standard-reared (top) or subject to manipulations of the juvenile or peri-adolescent environment at times indicated by shaded bars. Handled mice were included as the sole control for PCMS and Yoked/Controllable manipulations and as an additional control for MSEW mice. In adulthood, mice from each group experienced control conditions (white bar) or 10 days of chronic social defeat stress (hashed bar). Behavioral testing occurred immediately following social defeat.