Table 2.

Hazard Ratios (95% CIs) for Any Dementia^a After Age 65 Years During 1991 to 2010 by Baseline CVH Status (1967–1973)

	Baseline CVH Status				P‐Trende
	Favorableb (n=742)	Moderate Riskc (n=2238)	1‐Only High‐Risk Factorc (n=4220)	≥2 High‐Risk Factorsd (n=2919)
Model 1f	0.69 (0.54–0.89)	0.74 (0.64–0.86)	0.80 (0.71–0.91)	1.0	<0.001
Model 2g	0.78 (0.61–0.99)	0.85 (0.73–0.98)	0.87 (0.77–0.98)	1.0	0.009

CVH indicates cardiovascular health; ICD‐9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.

^aDementia was defined as any dementia‐related diagnoses with ICD‐9: 290, 290.0–4, 290.8–9, 294.1, 331, 331.0–2, 331.9. Medicare claims during 1991 to 2010 (including fee‐for‐service, for inpatient, outpatient [institutional and non‐institutional], skilled nursing, durable medical equipment, home health, and hospice claims).

^bIdeal levels of all major cardiovascular disease RFs (systolic blood pressure /diastolic blood pressure ≤120/≤80 mm Hg and no antihypertensive medication, serum total cholesterol <5.18 mmol/L and no cholesterol‐lowering medication, not smoking, bone mass index <25 kg/m², and no diabetes mellitus).

^cBorderline levels of systolic blood pressure /diastolic blood pressure or serum total cholesterol, not smoking, bone mass index 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m², and no diabetes mellitus.

^dHigh‐risk factors: hypertension (systolic blood pressure /diastolic blood pressure [≥140/90] or using antihypertensive medication), hypercholesterolemia (serum total cholesterol ≥6.22 mmol/L or using lipid‐lowering medication), smoking, bone mass index ≥30.0 kg/m², diabetes mellitus.

^e P value for graded association across 4 baseline risk factor groups with risk factor status as an ordinal variable.

^fModel 1: Adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education attainment, and average number of claims per years before dementia diagnosis.

^gModel 2: Adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education attainment, annual average number of claims before dementia diagnosis and death before dementia diagnoses.