Table 4.

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Examination Year, the CARDIA Study, 2005–2016 (N=1922)

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors	Year 20 2005–2006	Year 30 2015–2016	Year 30−20 Difference	P Value*
Waist circumference, cm	90.5±14.6	94.7±15.6	4.2±7.2	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	114.3±13.8	119.7±16.1	5.4±15.1	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	71.1±10.6	73.3±10.6	2.2±10.3	<0.001
Glucose, mg/dL	94.6 (12.7)	95.0 (14.0)	0.4 (12.6)	0.034
Insulin, μU/mL	8.3 (5.2)	9.7 (9.3)	1.1 (6.6)	<0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dL	86.0 (67.0)	86.0 (60.0)	1.0 (47.0)	0.409
HDL‐C, mg/dL	54.6±16.3	60.4±18.9	5.7±11.6	<0.001
Composite risk score†	−0.00±0.66	0.11±0.77	0.11±0.50	<0.001

Data presented as mean±SD or median (interquartile range). CARDIA indicates Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^* P‐value testing for differences between year 20 and year 30 cardiometabolic risk factors using paired samples t tests or Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test.

^†Composite risk score was calculated by standardizing and summing waist circumference, average blood pressure ([systolic+diastolic]/2), log glucose, log insulin, log triglycerides, and negative HDL‐C, then dividing by 6 to create a z‐score.