Figure 2.

Multiple pathways can be inhibited to alter the proliferation/apoptosis balance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Bcl‐2 indicates B cell lymphoma 2; BRD‐4, bromodomain‐containing protein 4; FOXO1, forkhead box protein O1; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinases; mTORC, mammalian target of rapamycin complex; NFATC2, nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; P, phosphorylation; Parp‐1, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; PPAR‐γ, peroxisome proliferator‐activator‐γ; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α.