Table 6.
Multivariable‐Adjusted HR for Coronary Events by NGAL and Biomarkers of Potential Pathological Mechanisms*
| Number of Events (%) | Model 1* HR (95% CI) | P Value | Number of Events (%) | Model 2* HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGAL and hs‐cTnI | ||||||
| ↓NGAL and ↓hs‐cTnI, n=319/229 | 42 (13.2) | 1.00 (referent) | 23 (10.0) | 1.00 (referent) | ||
| ↓NGAL and ↑hs‐cTnI, n=239/171 | 49 (20.5) | 1.57 (1.01–2.43) | 0.043 | 31 (19.3) | 1.92 (1.09–3.37) | 0.026 |
| ↑NGAL and ↓hs‐cTnI, n=240/177 | 49 (20.4) | 1.51 (0.97–2.35) | 0.069 | 32 (18.1) | 1.76 (0.99–3.15) | 0.056 |
| ↑NGAL and ↑hs‐cTnI, n=322/219 | 115 (35.7) | 2.72 (1.84–4.03) | <0.001 | 81 (37.0) | 3.73 (2.24–6.22) | <0.001 |
| NGAL and homocysteine | ||||||
| ↓NGAL and ↓homocysteine, n=273/216 | 39 (14.3) | 1.00 (referent) | 30 (13.2) | 1.00 (referent) | ||
| ↓NGAL and ↑homocysteine, n=175/138 | 32 (18.3) | 1.25 (0.77–2.03) | 0.365 | 19 (13.8) | 0.85 (0.46–1.56) | 0.602 |
| ↑NGAL and ↓homocysteine, n=172/135 | 38 (22.1) | 1.47 (0.92–2.34) | 0.104 | 30 (22.4) | 1.56 (0.93–2.63) | 0.095 |
| ↑NGAL and ↑homocysteine, n=285/211 | 88 (30.9) | 1.97 (1.32–2.94) | 0.001 | 64 (30.3) | 1.85 (1.17–2.95) | 0.009 |
| NGAL and chronic kidney disease | ||||||
| ↓NGAL and no CKD, n=403/306 | 61 (15.1) | 1.00 (referent) | 38 (12.4) | 1.00 (referent) | ||
| ↓NGAL and CKD, n=100/80 | 22 (22.0) | 1.54 (0.92–2.59) | 0.102 | 16 (20.0) | 1.56 (0.84–2.90) | 0.161 |
| ↑NGAL and no CKD, n=290/205 | 66 (22.8) | 1.57 (1.09–2.24) | 0.014 | 45 (22.0) | 1.78 (1.15–2.77) | 0.010 |
| ↑NGAL and CKD, n=223/165 | 88 (39.5) | 2.99 (2.14–4.18) | <0.001 | 89 (39.4) | 3.22 (2.11–4.92) | <0.001 |
Cox regression models were adjusted for conventional cardiovascular risk factors (Model 1 including age, and treatment code [calcium or placebo] or Model 2 including age, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, prescription of antihypertensive medications, diabetes mellitus, and treatment code [calcium or placebo]). ↓=Less than the median value and ↑ greater than or equal to the median value. CKD indicates chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; hs‐cTnI, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin.
Homocysteine only measured in 905 women.